{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:17:14Z","timestamp":1787807834692,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630972800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16GRU3711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16GRU3711"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000064","name":"Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000064","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291721003032_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bidirectional longitudinal relationships between depression and diabetes have been observed, but the dominant direction of their temporal relationships remains controversial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291721003032_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The random-intercept cross-lagged panel model decomposes observed variables into a latent intercept representing the traits, and occasion-specific latent \u2018state\u2019 variables. This permits correlations to be assessed between the traits, while longitudinal \u2018cross-lagged\u2019 associations and cross-sectional correlations can be assessed between occasion-specific latent variables. We examined dynamic relationships between depressive symptoms and insulin resistance across five visits over 20 years of adulthood in the population-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Possible differences based on population group (Black\n                      <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic>\n                      White participants), sex and years of education were tested. Depressive symptoms and insulin resistance were quantified using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291721003032_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 4044 participants (baseline mean age 34.9 \u00b1 3.7 years, 53% women, 51% Black participants), HOMA-IR and CES-D traits were weakly correlated (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.081,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002). Some occasion-specific correlations, but no cross-lagged associations were observed overall. Longitudinal dynamics of these relationships differed by population groups such that HOMA-IR at age 50 was associated with CES-D score at age 55 (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.076,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.038) in White participants only. Longitudinal dynamics were consistent between sexes and based on education.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291721003032_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relationship between depressive symptoms and insulin resistance was best characterized by weak correlations between occasion-specific states and enduring traits, with weak evidence that insulin resistance might be temporally associated with subsequent depressive symptoms among White participants later in adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291721003032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T06:39:31Z","timestamp":1630996771000},"page":"1458-1467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dynamic relationships between depressive symptoms and insulin resistance over 20 years of adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Che-Yuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Cogo-Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley J.","family":"MacIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodi D.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saffire H.","family":"Krance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenore J.","family":"Launer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0030-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Swardfager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291721003032_ref55","first-page":"23","article-title":"Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures","volume":"8","author":"Schermelleh-Engel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Methods of Psychological Research"},{"key":"S0033291721003032_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.2"},{"key":"S0033291721003032_ref41","volume-title":"Mplus user's 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Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}