{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T13:14:30Z","timestamp":1793884470648,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH 086517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH 086517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721003044_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior investigation of adult patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has found greater functional connectivity within orbitofrontal\u2013striatal\u2013thalamic (OST) circuitry, as well as altered connectivity within and between large-scale brain networks such as the cingulo-opercular network (CON) and default mode network (DMN), relative to controls. However, as adult OCD patients often have high rates of co-morbid anxiety and long durations of illness, little is known about the functional connectivity of these networks in relation to OCD specifically, or in young patients near illness onset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721003044_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, unmedicated female patients with OCD (ages 8\u201321 years,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 23) were compared to age-matched female patients with anxiety disorders (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 26), and healthy female youth (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 44). Resting-state functional connectivity was used to determine the strength of functional connectivity within and between OST, CON, and DMN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721003044_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Functional connectivity within the CON was significantly greater in the OCD group as compared to the anxiety and healthy control groups. Additionally, the OCD group displayed greater functional connectivity between OST and CON compared to the other two groups, which did not differ significantly from each other.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721003044_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that previously noted network connectivity differences in pediatric patients with OCD were likely not attributable to co-morbid anxiety disorders. Moreover, these results suggest that specific patterns of hyperconnectivity within CON and between CON and OST circuitry may characterize OCD relative to non-OCD anxiety disorders in youth. This study improves understanding of network dysfunction underlying pediatric OCD as compared to pediatric anxiety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291721003044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T10:00:00Z","timestamp":1629108000000},"page":"1468-1478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Disorder-specific cingulo-opercular network hyperconnectivity in pediatric OCD relative to pediatric anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6944-1208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah C.","family":"Becker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke J.","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Monk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. Luan","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan F.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanni","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Mannella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate D.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.10.006"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.130220"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-11-25"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.152"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.05.059"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-016-9299-4"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23347"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.36"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(87)90070-8"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu072"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2009.06.002"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn041"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.022"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40473-017-0132-7"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm277"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.12.003"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002328"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5587-06.2007"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102016"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.05.017"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.06.011"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.11.001"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00206"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1015-2"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref110","first-page":"684","article-title":"Brain structural covariance networks in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A graph analysis from the ENIGMA consortium","volume":"143","author":"Yun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.07.897"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.041"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0484"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036356"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0135058100"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00443-5"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00830.2009"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0120"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.04.002"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2017.1353132"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.11.030188.001033"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280502"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00889"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12195"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.09.006"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11689-009-9019-6"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological)"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2017.0497"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1997.9.5.624"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23408"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2016.18.1\/shaber","article-title":"Corticostriatal circuitry","volume":"18","author":"Haber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102404"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00113-6"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.19080886"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102004"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.01.079"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200107000-00009"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.1"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.04.031"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.08.003"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371405900602"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.94"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00504"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.04.012"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462011000400014"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00338.2011"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23950"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15191.1"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.01.001"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960722)371:2<179::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2017.04.002"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.09.002"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.018"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-007-0626-z"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830070041008"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2003.10.003"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20597"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.09.005"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.05.053"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.11.010"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713002250"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70181-7"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2398212818808710"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref15","first-page":"27","article-title":"Use of an individual-level approach to identify cortical connectivity biomarkers in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"4","author":"Brennan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504136102"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716002786"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0475"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21270"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu379"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07010143"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005440"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4051"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083931"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2012.00080"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1079-6_16"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14040525"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.11.005"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.137380"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35094500"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000274175"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.02.016"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref80","first-page":"694","article-title":"Frontostriatal dysfunction during decision making in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"3","author":"Norman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22371"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2010.09.005"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.048"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref32","first-page":"19","article-title":"Clinical applications of resting-state functional connectivity","volume":"4","author":"Fox","year":"2010","journal-title":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.11.012"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.11.005"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref3","volume-title":"Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804281-6.00018-5"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2342435"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.03.031"},{"key":"S0033291721003044_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15060725"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291721003044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T15:51:43Z","timestamp":1725637903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291721003044\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291721003044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291721003044","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}