{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T11:12:45Z","timestamp":1778670765567,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721003548_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence suggests a link between smaller hippocampal volume (HV) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there has been little prospective research testing this question directly and it remains unclear whether smaller HV confers risk or is a consequence of traumatization and PTSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721003548_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>U.S. soldiers (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 107) completed a battery of clinical assessments, including structural magnetic resonance imaging pre-deployment. Once deployed they completed monthly assessments of traumatic-stressors and symptoms. We hypothesized that smaller HV would potentiate the effects of traumatic stressors on PTSD symptoms in theater. Analyses evaluated whether total HV, lateral (right <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic> left) HV, or HV asymmetry (right \u2013 left) moderated the effects of stressor-exposure during deployment on PTSD symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721003548_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings revealed no interaction between total HV and average monthly traumatic-stressors on PTSD symptoms <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.028, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.681 [95% confidence interval (CI) \u22120.167 to 0.100]. However, in the context of greater exposure to average monthly traumatic stressors, greater right HV was associated with fewer PTSD symptoms <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.467, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.023 (95% CI \u22120.786 to \u22120.013), whereas greater left HV was unexpectedly associated with greater PTSD symptoms <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> = 0.435, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.024 (95% CI 0.028\u20130.715).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721003548_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings highlight the importance of considering the complex role of HV, in particular HV asymmetry, in predicting the emergence of PTSD symptoms in response to war-zone trauma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291721003548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T05:39:59Z","timestamp":1637559599000},"page":"1906-1913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Hippocampal volume and volume asymmetry prospectively predict PTSD symptom emergence among Iraq-deployed soldiers"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Adam R.","family":"Cobb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8742-4951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikael","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah L.","family":"Stote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian 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