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Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721004165_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) exhibit difficulties with emotional cognition even during remission. There is evidence for aberrant emotional cognition in unaffected relatives of patients with these mood disorders, but studies are conflicting. We aimed to investigate whether emotional cognition in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with mood disorders is characterised by heterogeneity using a data-driven approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721004165_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 94 unaffected relatives (33 of MDD patients; 61 of BD patients) and 203 healthy controls were pooled from two cohort studies. Emotional cognition was assessed with the Social Scenarios Test, Facial Expression Recognition Test and Faces Dot-Probe Test. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted using emotional cognition data from the 94 unaffected relatives. The resulting emotional cognition clusters and controls were compared for emotional and non-emotional cognition, demographic characteristics and functioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721004165_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two distinct clusters of unaffected relatives were identified: a relatively \u2018emotionally preserved\u2019 cluster (55%; 40% relatives of MDD probands) and an \u2018emotionally blunted\u2019 cluster (45%; 29% relatives of MDD probands). \u2018Emotionally blunted\u2019 relatives presented with poorer neurocognitive performance (global cognition <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.010), heightened subsyndromal mania symptoms (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004), lower years of education (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004) and difficulties with interpersonal functioning (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005) than controls, whereas \u2018emotionally preserved\u2019 relatives were comparable to controls on these measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721004165_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings show discrete emotional cognition profiles that occur <jats:italic>across<\/jats:italic> healthy first-degree relatives of patients with MDD and BD. These emotional cognition clusters may provide insight into emotional cognitive markers of genetically distinct subgroups of individuals at familial risk of mood disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291721004165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T06:50:04Z","timestamp":1634799004000},"page":"2328-2338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Emotional cognition subgroups in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with mood disorders"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7781-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanne Lie","family":"Kj\u00e6rstad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8859-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Varo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1017-1105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iselin","family":"Meluken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0548-0053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduard","family":"Vieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5982-1335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maj","family":"Vinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9377-9436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars Vedel","family":"Kessing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2572-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamilla Woznica","family":"Miskowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291721004165_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171800034X"},{"key":"S0033291721004165_ref28","volume-title":"Neuropsychological assessment","author":"Lezak","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0033291721004165_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.77"},{"key":"S0033291721004165_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.7.1256"},{"key":"S0033291721004165_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2017.02.009"},{"key":"S0033291721004165_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13014"},{"key":"S0033291721004165_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12834"},{"key":"S0033291721004165_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01808.x"},{"key":"S0033291721004165_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.03.001"},{"key":"S0033291721004165_ref50","unstructured":"Rey, A. 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