{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T13:45:14Z","timestamp":1793195114441,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644537600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721004189_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contrasting the well-described effects of early intervention (EI) services for youth-onset psychosis, the potential benefits of the intervention for adult-onset psychosis are uncertain. This paper aims to examine the effectiveness of EI on functioning and symptomatic improvement in adult-onset psychosis, and the optimal duration of the intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721004189_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>360 psychosis patients aged 26\u201355 years were randomized to receive either standard care (SC, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 120), or case management for two (2-year EI, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 120) or 4 years (4-year EI, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 120) in a 4-year rater-masked, parallel-group, superiority, randomized controlled trial of treatment effectiveness (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00919620). Primary (i.e. social and occupational functioning) and secondary outcomes (i.e. positive and negative symptoms, and quality of life) were assessed at baseline, 6-month, and yearly for 4 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721004189_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with SC, patients with 4-year EI had better Role Functioning Scale (RFS) immediate [interaction estimate = 0.008, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.001\u20130.014, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02] and extended social network (interaction estimate = 0.011, 95% CI = 0.004\u20130.018, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003) scores. Specifically, these improvements were observed in the first 2 years. Compared with the 2-year EI group, the 4-year EI group had better RFS total (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01), immediate (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01), and extended social network (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.05) scores at the fourth year. Meanwhile, the 4-year (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02) and 2-year EI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004) group had less severe symptoms than the SC group at the first year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291721004189_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Specialized EI treatment for psychosis patients aged 26\u201355 should be provided for at least the initial 2 years of illness. Further treatment up to 4 years confers little benefits in this age range over the course of the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291721004189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T06:47:55Z","timestamp":1644562075000},"page":"2339-2351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effectiveness and optimal duration of early intervention treatment in adult-onset psychosis: a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6912-208X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christy Lai Ming","family":"Hui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas Kar 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