{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T12:43:22Z","timestamp":1785156202999,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722000526_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Functional somatic disorders (FSD) feature medical symptoms of unclear etiology. Attempts to clarify their origin have been hampered by a lack of rigorous research designs. We sought to clarify the etiology of the FSD by examining the genetic risk patterns for FSD and other related disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722000526_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was performed in 5 829 186 individuals from Swedish national registers. We quantified familial genetic risk for FSD, internalizing disorders, and somatic disorders in cases of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), fibromyalgia (FM), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), using a novel method based on aggregate risk in first to fifth degree relatives, adjusting for cohabitation. We compared these profiles with those of a prototypic internalizing psychiatric \u2013 major depression (MD) \u2013 and a somatic\/autoimmune disorder: rheumatoid arthritis (RA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722000526_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with FM carry substantial genetic risks not only for FM, but also for pain syndromes and internalizing, autoimmune and sleep disorders. The genetic risk profiles for IBS and CFS are also widely distributed although with lower average risks. By contrast, genetic risk profiles of MD and RA are much more restricted to related conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722000526_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with FM have a relatively unique family genetic risk score profile with elevated genetic risk across a range of disorders that differs markedly from the profiles of a classic autoimmune disorder (RA) and internalizing disorder (MD). A similar less marked pattern of genetic risks was seen for IBS and CFS. FSD arise from a distinctive pattern of genetic liability for a diversity of psychiatric, autoimmune, pain, sleep, and functional somatic disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291722000526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T08:00:41Z","timestamp":1648713641000},"page":"3879-3886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A distinctive profile of family genetic risk scores in a Swedish national sample of cases of fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic fatigue syndrome compared to rheumatoid arthritis and major depression"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8689-6570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth S.","family":"Kendler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith G.M.","family":"Rosmalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Ohlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Sundquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Sundquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0336"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.12.020"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1381-4"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0377-0"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2015.05.004"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0237-y"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00224-0"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41171"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2276"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.07.005"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200111000-00012"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.01.010"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.01.009"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003973"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0443"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.02.016"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003784"},{"key":"S0033291722000526_ref26","unstructured":"SAS Institute, Inc. 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