{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:26:08Z","timestamp":1792175168050,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003986","name":"Jacobs Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013-1081-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013-1081-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10FI14_170409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10FI14_170409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291722000666_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Little is known about the childhood antecedents and adult correlates of adolescent dual-harm (i.e. co-occurring self- and other-harm). We examine the longitudinal associations between (a) social and psychological risk factors in childhood and adolescent dual-harm and (b) adolescent dual-harm and social and mental health impairments in early adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291722000666_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1482) are from a prospective longitudinal community-representative study. Dual-, self-, and other-harm were self-reported at ages 13, 15, and 17. Social and psychological risk factors in childhood were assessed between 7 and 11; early adult correlates at age 20. Groups with dual-harm, self-harm only, other-harm only, and no harm were compared.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291722000666_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 13 and 17, 7.2% of adolescents reported dual-harm (self-harm only: 16.2%; other-harm only: 13.3%). Some childhood risk factors (e.g. sensation-seeking, parental divorce, victimization by peers) characterized all harm groups; others were common to the dual- and self-harm (anxiety\/depressive symptoms, relational aggression) or dual- and other-harm groups only (low self-control, substance use, delinquency). Adolescents with dual-harm had reported more physical aggression and harsh parenting, and lower school bonding in childhood than any other group. In early adulthood, they reported more anxiety\/depressive symptoms, psychopathy symptoms, homicidal ideations, delinquency, and victimization experiences than any other group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291722000666_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescent dual-harm follows psychological problems and social disconnection in childhood and signals risk of psychopathology and isolation in early adulthood. To curb the burden from dual-harm, interventions must target adolescents, families, peer networks, and school environments. Differentiating youth with dual-harm from those with single-harm is important for developing personalized treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291722000666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T05:33:29Z","timestamp":1647495209000},"page":"3995-4003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Self-, other-, and dual-harm during adolescence: a prospective-longitudinal study of childhood risk factors and early adult correlates"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6260-4139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annekatrin","family":"Steinhoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bechtiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1668-8319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Ribeaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Eisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilly","family":"Shanahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2016.77.277"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579408000333"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref42","volume-title":"Jugend und Gewalt: eine repraesentative Dunkelfeldanalyse in Muenchen und acht anderen deutschen Staedten","author":"Wetzels","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1477370810378116"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.12.006"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.3.497"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(17)30007-X"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01573-w"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2009.03.002"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0767-9"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0597"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.05.010"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702617745641"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579402001104"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316847992.002"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304470"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-014-0024-3"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref31","article-title":"Cohort profile: The Zurich project on social development from childhood to adulthood (z-proso)","author":"Ribeaud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology"},{"key":"S0033291722000666_ref11","volume-title":"Gewalterfahrungen von Jugendlichen. 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