{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:57:41Z","timestamp":1790873861473,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722001313_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ketamine is a rapidly-acting antidepressant treatment with robust response rates. Previous studies have reported that serial ketamine therapy modulates resting state functional connectivity in several large-scale networks, though it remains unknown whether variations in brain structure, function, and connectivity impact subsequent treatment success. We used a data-driven approach to determine whether pretreatment multimodal neuroimaging measures predict changes along symptom dimensions of depression following serial ketamine infusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722001313_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with depression (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 60) received structural, resting state functional, and diffusion MRI scans before treatment. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17), the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-C), and the Rumination Response Scale (RRS) before and 24 h after patients received four (0.5 mg\/kg) infusions of racemic ketamine over 2 weeks. Nineteen unaffected controls were assessed at similar timepoints. Random forest regression models predicted symptom changes using pretreatment multimodal neuroimaging and demographic measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722001313_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two HDRS-17 subscales, the HDRS-6 and core mood and anhedonia (CMA) symptoms, and the RRS: reflection (RRSR) scale were predicted significantly with 19, 27, and 1% variance explained, respectively. Increased right medial prefrontal cortex\/anterior cingulate and posterior insula (PoI) and lower kurtosis of the superior longitudinal fasciculus predicted reduced HDRS-6 and CMA symptoms following treatment. RRSR change was predicted by global connectivity of the left posterior cingulate, left insula, and right superior parietal lobule.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722001313_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings support that connectivity of the anterior default mode network and PoI may serve as potential biomarkers of antidepressant outcomes for core depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291722001313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T05:32:59Z","timestamp":1652765579000},"page":"2376-2386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Anterior default mode network and posterior insular connectivity is predictive of depressive symptom reduction following serial ketamine infusion"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2461-6101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin S. 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\u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. 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