{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T13:00:16Z","timestamp":1786798816208,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1060733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1060733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1176077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1176077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722002276_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>For infants born in the contemporary era of neonatal care, little is known about adult mental health outcomes of extremely preterm birth (EP; &lt;28 weeks' gestation) or extremely low birthweight (ELBW; &lt;1000 g). This study aimed to compare attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, mood, and substance use disorder prevalence in young adults born EP\/ELBW and normal birthweight (NBW; &gt;2499 g) controls, and to compare change in prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders from 18 to 25 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722002276_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were a prospective geographical cohort of 297 consecutive survivors born EP\/ELBW during 1991\u20131992 and 260 NBW controls. At age 25 years, 174 EP\/ELBW and 139 NBW participants completed the Adult ADHD Rating Scale, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised. Data from follow-up at 18 years were also utilized. Multiple imputation was used to account for attrition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722002276_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mental health outcomes at 25 years were similar between groups: prevalence rates were ADHD 7% <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic> 5%; anxiety 32% <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic> 27%; mood 38% <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic> 35%; substance use 12% <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic> 14% in the EP\/ELBW and NBW groups, respectively. In both groups, ADHD declined between 18 and 25 years [odds ratio (OR) per year = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79\u20130.95], and generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive episode became more common (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10\u20131.35 per year; OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10\u20131.30 respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722002276_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This contemporary EP\/ELBW cohort has comparable young adult mental health outcomes to controls, and similar patterns of change in mental health from late adolescence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291722002276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T08:25:54Z","timestamp":1658478354000},"page":"5227-5234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Mental health in young adults born extremely preterm or extremely low birthweight with contemporary neonatal intensive care"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0588-1508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice C.","family":"Burnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rheanna M.","family":"Mainzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lex W.","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Zannino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julianne","family":"Duff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George C.","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanie L. Y.","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291722002276_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1997.tb01021.x"},{"key":"S0033291722002276_ref36","volume-title":"Children's interview for psychiatric syndromes (ChIPS)","author":"Weller","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0033291722002276_ref3","volume-title":"National drug strategy household survey 2019","year":"2020"},{"key":"S0033291722002276_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.1.134"},{"key":"S0033291722002276_ref16","first-page":"363","volume-title":"The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes 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