{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T13:46:43Z","timestamp":1791467203009,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003002_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is ongoing debate on the nosological position of bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Identifying the unique and shared risks, developmental pathways, and symptoms in emerging BD and BPD could help the field refine aetiological hypotheses and improve the prediction of the onset of these disorders. This study aimed to: (a) systematically synthesise the available evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) concerning environmental, psychosocial, biological, and clinical factors leading to the emergence of BD and BPD; (b) identify the main differences and common features between the two disorders to characterise their complex interplay and, (c) highlight remaining evidence gaps.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003002_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data sources were; PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, Medline, ISI Web of Science. Overlap of included SRs\/MAs was assessed using the corrected covered area process. The methodological quality of each included SR and MA was assessed using the AMSTAR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003002_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>22 SRs and MAs involving 249 prospective studies met eligibility criteria. Results demonstrated that family history of psychopathology, affective instability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, depression, sleep disturbances, substance abuse, psychotic symptoms, suicidality, childhood adversity and temperament were common predisposing factors across both disorders. There are also distinct factors specific to emerging BD or BPD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003002_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective studies are required to increase our understanding of the development of BD and BPD onset and their complex interplay by concurrently examining multiple measures in BD and BPD at-risk populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291722003002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T09:13:43Z","timestamp":1664529223000},"page":"3769-3782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Understanding the development of bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder in young people: a meta-review of systematic reviews"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9257-1457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Buse Beril","family":"Durdurak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Altaweel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Upthegrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Marwaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13r08900"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2010.24.6.763"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref70","first-page":"170","article-title":"Bipolar and borderline personality disorders: A descriptive comparison of psychopathological aspects in patients discharged from an Italian inpatient unit using PANSS and BPRS","volume":"27","author":"Pauselli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatria Danubina"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0614-z"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1040-1"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(01)00038-3"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2013_27_122","article-title":"Comorbid bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder and history of suicide attempts","volume":"28","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.12.001","article-title":"The aetiological and psychopathological validity of borderline personality disorder in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Winsper","year":"2016a","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.05.028"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708004947"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2016.00174"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000255"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867411435289"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07071125"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.01.001"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00484.x"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-009-0001-7"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref85","first-page":"49","article-title":"The limits between bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: A review of the evidence","volume":"7","author":"Sanches","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3677"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0608","article-title":"Is bipolar disorder overdiagnosed?","volume":"69","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-020-00185-2"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00328-2"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.01.040"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00283.x"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12686"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2014.915800"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2001.30607.x"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-7-10"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2004.00461.x","article-title":"Demystifying borderline personality: Critique of the concept and unorthodox reflections on its natural kinship with the bipolar spectrum","volume":"110","author":"Akiskal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00559.x"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048670903487159"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.08.026"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000225"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.7.1126"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.02.003"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.02.016"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ipm.2014.74"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-000-0062-y"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2020.06.004","article-title":"The identification of a risk profile for young people with borderline personality pathology: A review of recent literature","volume":"37","author":"Hutsebaut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220490472346","article-title":"Is borderline personality disorder part of the bipolar spectrum?","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Harvard Review of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.610457"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2011.04.003"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.06.065","article-title":"Daily longitudinal self-monitoring of mood variability in bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder","volume":"205","author":"Tsanas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20490"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref111","volume-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision, fifth edition, 2016","year":"2015"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12087"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.11.013","article-title":"Daily mood monitoring of symptoms using smartphones in bipolar disorder: A pilot study assessing the feasibility of ecological momentary assessment","volume":"191","author":"Schwartz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.051"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-011-0242-y"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12509"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104585"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101429"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref93a","volume":"147","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.02.006"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12576"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12643","article-title":"The international mood network (IMN) nosology project: Differentiating borderline personality from bipolar illness","volume":"134","author":"V\u00f6hringer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.11.007"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.10.003","article-title":"Symptoms and signs of the initial PRODROME OF BIPOLAR DISORDERA systematic review","volume":"126","author":"Skjelstad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.5.497"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1112-3","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of interventions to control myopia progression in children: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"19","author":"Prousali","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmology"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2005.06.010"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22205"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480500320025"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.11.024"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2005.19.5.505"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12528"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107477278","volume-title":"Bipolar disorder: Basic mechanisms and therapeutic implications","author":"Soares","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.12.008","article-title":"The sleep phenotype of borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Winsper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2011.00917.x"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3546"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7893.2011.00276.x"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbt114"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102035"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.043","article-title":"Presence and overlap of bipolar symptoms and borderline features during major depressive episodes","volume":"280","author":"Socada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.1390"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref46","volume-title":"The experience sampling method. In flow and the foundations of positive psychology","author":"Larson","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638230903469111"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0022","article-title":"Three important considerations for studies examining pathophysiological pathways in psychiatric illness","volume":"78","author":"Phillips","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40473-019-00176-3"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.04.003"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.03.006"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.09.011","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder and the misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder","volume":"44","author":"Ruggero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.10.030"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2012.03.004"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2016-0026"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220490472373"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.105906"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12115"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1389"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-7-3"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0526-2"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n1010","article-title":"Comparing impulsiveness, hostility, and depression in borderline personality disorder and bipolar II disorder","volume":"68","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.11.008"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15622970701816522"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.132","article-title":"Specificity of psychosis, mania and major depression in a contemporary family study","volume":"19","author":"Vandeleur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.687270"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-017-1050-7"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-021-00151-z"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714002475"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.06.033"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713002407"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718001435"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.07.012"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-013-0422-z","article-title":"Problematic boundaries in the diagnosis of bipolar disorder: The interface with borderline personality disorder","volume":"15","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2013a","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000186"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref40","first-page":"1104","article-title":"White matter microstructure in individuals with and at risk for bipolar disorder: Evidence for an endophenotype from a voxel-based meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20441"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00436-0"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.08.002"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.681876"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.2\/mzimmerman","article-title":"The relationship between borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder","volume":"15","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2013b","journal-title":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04633"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.09.016"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref55","first-page":"1319\u20131323","article-title":"The borderline syndrome","volume":"40","author":"McGlashan","year":"1983","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.179655"},{"key":"S0033291722003002_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000762"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291722003002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T04:37:28Z","timestamp":1672807048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291722003002\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291722003002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291722003002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}