{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T15:31:46Z","timestamp":1783351906453,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667520000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003130_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Post-operative cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may augment the effects of DBS, but previous results are conflicting. Here, we investigated whether CBT augments the effect of DBS for OCD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003130_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with and without CBT following DBS of the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule were included. First, we analyzed Yale\u2013Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores before, during and after CBT in all patients <jats:italic>with<\/jats:italic> CBT. Second, we matched patients <jats:italic>with<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>without<\/jats:italic> CBT based on clinical baseline variables and initial response to DBS and compared the course of Y-BOCS and HAM-D scores over the same timeframe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003130_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 36 patients with and 16 patients without CBT were included. Average duration of CBT was 10.4 months (<jats:sc>s.d.<\/jats:sc> 6.4). In the 36 patients with CBT, Y-BOCS scores decreased on average by 3.8 points (14.8%) from start until end of CBT (<jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.043). HAM-D scores did not decrease following CBT. Second, 10 patients <jats:italic>with<\/jats:italic> CBT were matched to 10 patients <jats:italic>without<\/jats:italic> CBT. In both groups, Y-BOCS scores decreased equally from start until end of CBT or over a similar timeframe (10% in CBT group <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic> 13.1% in no-CBT group, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.741).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003130_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obsessive-compulsive symptoms decreased over time in patients with <jats:italic>and<\/jats:italic> without post-operative CBT. Therefore, further improvement may be attributed to late effects of DBS itself. The present study emphasizes the need for prospective randomized controlled studies, examining the effects of CBT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291722003130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T09:19:50Z","timestamp":1667553590000},"page":"5861-5867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a matched controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9006-5531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilse","family":"Graat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Franken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geeske","family":"van Rooijen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pelle","family":"de Koning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nienke","family":"Vulink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"de Kroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damiaan","family":"Denys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel","family":"Mocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370605100702"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.02.013"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2020_206"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.01.017"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-313-7117-4_3"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.08.018"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.1.102"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082383"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0102-3"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19060656"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01307-9"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0851-0"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465815000582"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000956"},{"key":"S0033291722003130_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291722003130","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T10:24:41Z","timestamp":1693995881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291722003130\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291722003130"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291722003130","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}