{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T05:47:39Z","timestamp":1792907259094,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003373_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression and anxiety are prevalent in youth populations and typically emerge during adolescence. Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a putative transdiagnostic mechanism with consistent associations with depression and anxiety. Targeting transdiagnostic processes like RNT for youth depression and anxiety may offer more targeted, personalised and effective treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003373_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effect of psychological treatments on RNT, depression and anxiety symptoms in young people with depression or anxiety, and a meta-regression to examine relationships between outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003373_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-eight randomised controlled trials examining 17 different psychological interventions were included. Effect sizes were small to moderate across all outcomes (Hedge's g depression = \u22120.47, CI \u22120.77 to \u22120.17; anxiety = \u22120.42, CI \u22120.65 to \u22120.20; RNT = \u22120.45, CI \u22120.67 to \u22120.23). RNT-focused and non-RNT focused approaches had comparable effects; however, those focusing on modifying the process of RNT had significantly larger effects on RNT than those focusing on modifying negative thought content. Meta-regression revealed a significant relationship between RNT and depression outcomes only across all intervention types and with both depression and anxiety for RNT focused interventions only.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003373_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consistent with findings in adults, this review provides evidence that reducing RNT with psychological treatment is associated with improvements in depression and anxiety in youth. Targeting RNT specifically may not lead to better outcomes compared to general approaches; however, focusing on modifying the process of RNT may be more effective than targeting content. Further research is needed to determine causal pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291722003373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T04:12:22Z","timestamp":1668399142000},"page":"6-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["The effect of psychological treatment on repetitive negative thinking in youth depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis and meta-regression"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7567-0517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imogen H.","family":"Bell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8556-8230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1556-1292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally","family":"Grace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7969-492X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Gleeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3535-9086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Alvarez-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445515621488"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20764"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(04)80013-3"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.05.011"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.6.1179"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2009.08.006"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.03.003"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref53","first-page":"277","volume-title":"The science of self-report: implications for research and practice","author":"Shiffman","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref23","first-page":"168","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey Initiative","volume":"6","author":"Kessler","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1858"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appsy.2012.03.001"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2015.05.001"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614566603"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.4.585"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191117693923"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000482"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2008.1.3.192"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.12.015"},{"key":"S0033291722003373_ref4","first-page":"e12278","article-title":"What is an emotional disorder? 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