{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T03:15:31Z","timestamp":1784690131292,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003488_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study used data from an ethnically diverse population from South London to examine ethnic differences in physical and mental multimorbidity among working age (18\u201364 years) adults in the context of depression and anxiety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003488_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 44 506 patients who had previously attended Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services in the London Borough of Lambeth. Multinomial logistic regression examined cross-sectional associations between ethnicity with physical and mental multimorbidity. Patterns of multimorbidity were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003488_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within 44 056 working age adults with a history of depression or anxiety from South London there were notable ethnic differences in physical multimorbidity. Adults of Black Caribbean ethnicity were more likely to have physical multimorbidity [adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15\u20131.36] compared to adults of White ethnicity. Relative to adults of White ethnicity, adults of Asian ethnicity were more likely to have physical multimorbidity at higher thresholds only (e.g. 4 + conditions; aRRR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.17\u20132.00). Three physical (atopic, cardiometabolic, mixed) and three mental (alcohol\/substance use, common\/severe mental illnesses, personality disorder) multimorbidity clusters emerged. Ethnic minority groups with multimorbidity had a higher probability of belonging to the cardiometabolic cluster.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291722003488_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In an ethnically diverse population with a history of common mental health disorders, we found substantial between- and within-ethnicity variation in rates of physical, but not mental, multimorbidity. The findings emphasised the value of more granular definitions of ethnicity when examining the burden of physical and mental multimorbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291722003488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T08:35:06Z","timestamp":1669278906000},"page":"6212-6222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Ethnic differences in physical and mental multimorbidity in working age adults with a history of depression and\/or anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8369-9168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Ronaldson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge Arias","family":"de la Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Broadbent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Ashworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Bakolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephani L.","family":"Hatch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Hotopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Dregan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291722003488_ref25","unstructured":"Lambeth Council. (2017). Demography Factsheet: Lambeth \u2013 \u2018a diverse and changing population\u2019. Available at https:\/\/www.lambeth.gov.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/ssh-demography-factsheet-2017.pdf."},{"key":"S0033291722003488_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.329"},{"key":"S0033291722003488_ref31","unstructured":"NHS England. (2018). The Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) Pathway for People with Long-term Physical Health Conditions and Medically Unexplained Symptoms. Available at https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/publication\/the-improving-access-to-psychological-therapies-iapt-pathway-for-people-with-long-term-physical-health-conditions-and-medically-unexplained-symptoms\/."},{"key":"S0033291722003488_ref32","unstructured":"Noble, M. , McLennan, D. , Wilkinson, K. , Whitworth, A. , Barnes, H. , & Dibben, C. (2007). English Indices of Deprivation."},{"key":"S0033291722003488_ref33","unstructured":"Office of National Statistics. (2020). 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