{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:19:04Z","timestamp":1790504344566,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681430400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005205","name":"Janssen Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005205","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723000442_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies that examined sex differences in first-episode patients consistently show that males compared to females have poor premorbid adjustment, earlier age of onset, worse clinical characteristics, and poorer outcomes. However, little is known about potential mediators that could explain these sex differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723000442_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our sample consisted of 137 individuals with first episode schizophrenia (males, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 105; 77%) with a mean age of 22.1(<jats:sc>s.d.<\/jats:sc> = 4.1) years and mean education of 12.5(<jats:sc>s.d.<\/jats:sc> = 1.7) years. At entry, patients were within 2 years of their first psychotic episode onset. Baseline assessments were conducted for premorbid adjustment, symptoms, cognitive functioning, insight, and at 6-months for role and social functioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723000442_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Males as compared to females had poorer premorbid adjustment across several key developmental periods (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), an earlier age of onset [M = 20.3(3.3) <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic> 22.8(5.6), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002], more negative symptoms (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.044), poorer insight (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.031), and poorer baseline and 6-month role (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) and social functioning (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.034). Several of these variables in which males showed impairment were significant predictors of 6-month role and social functioning. Premorbid adjustment and insight mediated the relationship between sex and role and social functioning at 6-months, but not negative symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723000442_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"discussion\"><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Males compared to females were at lower levels across several key premorbid and clinical domains which are strongly associated with functional outcome supporting the hypothesis that males might have a more disabling form of schizophrenia. The relationship between sex with role and social functioning was mediated through premorbid adjustment and insight suggesting pathways for understanding why females might have a less disabling form of schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291723000442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T11:12:42Z","timestamp":1681470762000},"page":"6878-6887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The relationship between sex and functional outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: the role of premorbid adjustment and insight"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Ventura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0587-7285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth L.","family":"Subotnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8459-2012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2449-7704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerhard S.","family":"Hellemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith H.","family":"Nuechterlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v6.i2.257","article-title":"Facial emotion perception in schizophrenia: Does sex matter?","volume":"6","author":"Mote","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.02.016","article-title":"Pathways to functional outcomes in schizophrenia: The role of premorbid functioning, negative symptoms and intelligence","volume":"110","author":"Brill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615356","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/615356","article-title":"A role for estrogen in schizophrenia: Clinical and preclinical findings","volume":"2015","author":"Gogos","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200305000-00001"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(98)00008-7","article-title":"The role of gender differences in the reduction of etiologic heterogeneity in schizophrenia","volume":"18","author":"Salem","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Review"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.03.038","article-title":"Relationship of poor insight to neurocognition, social cognition, and psychiatric symptoms in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis","volume":"220","author":"Subotnik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(00)00228-6","article-title":"Symptom dimensions in recent-onset schizophrenia and mania: A principal components analysis of the 24-item brief psychiatric rating scale","volume":"97","author":"Ventura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.002"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720003335"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.07.007","article-title":"A population based elaboration of the role of age of onset on the course of schizophrenia","volume":"88","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.03.010","article-title":"Development of a measure of relationship perception in schizophrenia","volume":"166","author":"Sergi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-028929"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.10.013"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.03.002"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.09.053","article-title":"An examination of sex differences in neurocognition and social cognition in first-episode psychosis","volume":"259","author":"Danaher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000292714","article-title":"The epidemiology of early schizophrenia. Influence of age and gender on onset and early course","volume":"164","author":"Hafner","year":"1994","journal-title":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/17522439.2012.733405","article-title":"Sex and schizophrenia: A review of gender differences","volume":"6","author":"Falkenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychosis"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2005.00511.x","article-title":"Patterns of premorbid functioning in first episode psychosis: Relationship to 2-year outcome","volume":"112","author":"Addington","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.5.698","article-title":"Gender differences in onset of illness, treatment response, course, and biologic indexes in first-episode schizophrenic patients","volume":"152","author":"Szymanski","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.02.016"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref51","volume-title":"Global functioning scale: Role (GFS: Role). rating scale","author":"Niendam","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3390\/women1040018","article-title":"Are there gender differences in social cognition in first-episode psychosis?","volume":"1","author":"Verdaguer-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Women"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12167"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-020-01031-1","article-title":"Exploring the relationship of insight with psychopathology and gender in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with structural equation modelling","volume":"23","author":"Cobo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of Women's Mental Health"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743717746661"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12412","article-title":"Age at onset and the outcomes of schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Immonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Early Intervention in Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07010043"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.08.011"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-9-39"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/916198"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2019.152132"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(03)00406-3"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref75","first-page":"227","article-title":"Appendix 1: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) expanded version (4.0): Scales, anchor points, and administration manual","volume":"3","author":"Ventura","year":"1993b","journal-title":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2015.07.016"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706007793","article-title":"Insight in first-episode psychosis","volume":"36","author":"McEvoy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007077"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.13059","article-title":"Sex-differential associations between cognitive impairments and white matter abnormalities in first episode and drug-naive schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Early Intervention in Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa054","article-title":"Sex differences in verbal memory predict functioning through negative symptoms in early psychosis","volume":"46","author":"Buck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1973.04200040034006"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn091"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations","volume":"51","author":"Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-020-00120-5"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2003.11.007"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7893.2010.00249.x","article-title":"Insight dimensions in first-episode psychosis patients: Clinical, cognitive, pre-morbid and socio-demographic correlates","volume":"5","author":"Ayesa-Arriola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Early Intervention in Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670701732699","article-title":"Do women express and experience psychosis differently from men? Epidemiological evidence from the Australian national study of low prevalence (Psychotic) disorders","volume":"42","author":"Morgan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390500473738"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/8.3.470"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref7","volume-title":"The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)","author":"Andreasen","year":"1984"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/430735"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.3.495","article-title":"Predictive values of neurocognition and negative symptoms on functional outcome in schizophrenia: A longitudinal first-episode study with 7-year follow-up","volume":"162","author":"Milev","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2010.515205","article-title":"Sex differences in schizophrenia","volume":"22","author":"Abel","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Review of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014708"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr001"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867414565473"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07010042"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.04.089","article-title":"Insight and gender in schizophrenia and other psychoses","volume":"243","author":"Cobo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm029","article-title":"Preliminary findings for two new measures of social and role functioning in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia","volume":"33","author":"Cornblatt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.6.873","article-title":"Assessment of insight in psychosis","volume":"150","author":"Amador","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.06.009"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003966"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.00011.x","article-title":"Gender aspects in schizophrenia: Bridging the border between social and biological psychiatry","volume":"102","author":"Riecher-R\u00f6ssler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica.102 Supplementum"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-006-0645-7","article-title":"Relationship between insight, cognitive function, social function and symptomatology in schizophrenia: The West London first episode study","volume":"256","author":"Mutsatsa","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.08.016"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref39","volume-title":"Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) user's manual","author":"Mayer","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31820568c6"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref74","first-page":"221","article-title":"Training and quality assurance with the brief psychiatric rating scale: \u201cThe drift busters.\u201d","volume":"3","author":"Ventura","year":"1993a","journal-title":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2012.03.008","article-title":"Treating schizophrenia at the time of menopause","volume":"72","author":"Seeman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.51.3.338"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.6.565","article-title":"Sex differences in the risk of schizophrenia: Evidence from meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Aleman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.09.006"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2012.11.005","article-title":"Gender differences in first-episode psychosis at 5-year follow-up \u2013 two different courses of disease? Results from the OPUS study at 5\u2013year follow-up","volume":"29","author":"Thorup","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2975\/32.4.2009.309.312"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref43","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Age of onset of mental disorders","author":"Miettunen","year":"2019"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206553"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000253784.59708.dd"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.01.031","article-title":"Neurocognitive predictors of remission of symptoms and social and role functioning in the early course of first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"216","author":"Torgalsb\u00f8en","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.41","article-title":"Familial and socioeconomic contributions to premorbid functioning in psychosis: Impact on age at onset and treatment response","volume":"63","author":"Hatzimanolis","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00011","article-title":"The multiple dimensions of gender stereotypes: A current look at men's and women's characterizations of others and themselves","volume":"10","author":"Hentschel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"S0033291723000442_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0270"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291723000442","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T07:57:44Z","timestamp":1698307064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291723000442\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291723000442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291723000442","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}