{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T04:07:40Z","timestamp":1768536460593,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682467200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723000922_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with bipolar disorders (BD) are at risk of premature death, mainly due to medical comorbidities. Childhood maltreatment might contribute to this medical morbidity, which remains underexplored in the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723000922_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed 2891 outpatients with BD (according to DSM-IV criteria). Childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Lifetime diagnoses for medical disorders were retrospectively assessed using a systematic interview and checked against medical notes. Medical morbidity was defined by the sum of medical disorders. We investigated associations between childhood maltreatment (neglect and abuse) and medical morbidity while adjusting for potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723000922_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One quarter of individuals had no medical comorbidities, while almost half of them had at least two. Multivariable regression showed that childhood maltreatment (mainly abuse, but also sexual abuse) was associated with a higher medical morbidity. Medical morbidity was also associated with sex, age, body mass index, sleep disturbances, lifetime anxiety disorders and lifetime density of mood episodes. Childhood maltreatment was associated with an increased prevalence of four (i.e. migraine\/headache, drug eruption, duodenal ulcer, and thyroid diseases) of the fifteen most frequent medical disorders, however with no difference in terms of age at onset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723000922_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This large cross-sectional study confirmed a high medical morbidity in BD and its association with childhood maltreatment. The assessment of childhood maltreatment in individuals with BD should be systematically included in routine care and the potential impact on physical health of psycho-social interventions targeting childhood maltreatment and its consequences should be evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291723000922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T06:09:46Z","timestamp":1682489386000},"page":"7341-7349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Childhood maltreatment contributes to the medical morbidity of individuals with bipolar 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