{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:08:52Z","timestamp":1792184932483,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682294400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723001046_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The psychosis continuum implies that subclinical psychotic experiences (PEs) can be differentiated from clinically relevant expressions since they are not accompanied by a \u2018need for care\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723001046_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using data from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 34 653), the current study examined variation in functioning, symptomology and aetiological risk across the psychosis phenotype [i.e. variation from (i) no PEs, \u2018No PEs\u2019 to (ii) non-distressing PEs, \u2018PE-Experienced Only\u2019 to (iii) distressing PEs, \u2018PE-Impaired\u2019 to (iv) clinically defined psychotic disorder, \u2018Diagnosed\u2019].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723001046_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A graded trend was present such that, compared to those with no PEs, the Diagnosed group had the poorest functioning, followed by the PE-Impaired then PE-Experienced Only groups. In relation to symptom expression, the PE-Impaired group were more likely than the PE-Experienced Only and the Diagnosed groups to endorse most PEs. Predictors of group membership tended to vary quantitatively rather than qualitatively. Trauma, current mental health diagnoses (anxiety and depression) and drug use variables differentiated between all levels of the continuum, with the exception of the extreme end (PE-Impaired <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. Diagnosed). Only a few variables distinguished groups at the upper end of the continuum: female sex, older age, unemployment, parental mental health hospitalisation and lower likelihood of having experienced physical assault.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723001046_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings highlight the importance of continuum-based interpretations of the psychosis phenotype and afford valuable opportunities to consider if and how impairment, symptom expression and risk change along the continuum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291723001046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T13:06:33Z","timestamp":1682341593000},"page":"7407-7417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Functioning, symptom expression and risk along the psychosis 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