{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:34:10Z","timestamp":1793277250610,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686614400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723001228_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental illness characterized by abnormal functional connectivity among distributed brain regions. Previous studies have primarily focused on undirected functional connectivity and rarely reported from network perspective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723001228_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To better understand between or within-network connectivities of OCD, effective connectivity (EC) of a large-scale network is assessed by spectral dynamic causal modeling with eight key regions of interests from default mode (DMN), salience (SN), frontoparietal (FPN) and cerebellum networks, based on large sample size including 100 OCD patients and 120 healthy controls (HCs). Parametric empirical Bayes (PEB) framework was used to identify the difference between the two groups. We further analyzed the relationship between connections and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723001228_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>OCD and HCs shared some similarities of inter- and intra-network patterns in the resting state. Relative to HCs, patients showed increased ECs from left anterior insula (LAI) to medial prefrontal cortex, right anterior insula (RAI) to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (R-DLPFC) to cerebellum anterior lobe (CA), CA to posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and to anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Moreover, weaker from LAI to L-DLPFC, RAI to ACC, and the self-connection of R-DLPFC. Connections from ACC to CA and from L-DLPFC to PCC were positively correlated with compulsion and obsession scores (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.209, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.037; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.199, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.047, uncorrected).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723001228_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study revealed dysregulation among DMN, SN, FPN, and cerebellum in OCD, emphasizing the role of these four networks in achieving top-down control for goal-directed behavior. There existed a top-down disruption among these networks, constituting the pathophysiological and clinical basis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291723001228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T13:34:35Z","timestamp":1686663275000},"page":"350-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Abnormal resting-state effective connectivity in large-scale networks among obsessive-compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Yinhuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoqiang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yarui","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingliang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.02.014","article-title":"The ATP level in the medial prefrontal cortex regulates depressive-like behavior via the medial prefrontal cortex-lateral Habenula pathway","volume":"92","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01453-0","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01100-8"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674211009623"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.05.054","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectome in patients with brain tumors before and after surgical resection","volume":"141","author":"Sparacia","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurgery"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83116-0","article-title":"Alterations in reward network functional connectivity are associated with increased food addiction in obese individuals","volume":"11","author":"Ravichandran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3792","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25465","article-title":"Temporal variability of regional intrinsic neural activity in drug-naive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.117806"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa100"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.021"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25699","article-title":"Increased functional connectivity between presupplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus associated with the ability of motor response inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"43","author":"Tomiyama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-020-00354-y","article-title":"Effective connectivity predicts cognitive empathy in cocaine addiction: A spectral dynamic causal modeling study","volume":"15","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Imaging and Behavior"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.06.032","article-title":"A guide to group effective connectivity analysis, part 2: Second level analysis with PEB","volume":"200","author":"Zeidman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00522"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2398212818808710"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24845"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3746","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder: An integrative genetic and neurobiological perspective","volume":"15","author":"Pauls","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref10","first-page":"11","article-title":"Relationships between interoceptive sensibility and resting-state functional connectivity of the insula in obsessive-compulsive disorder","author":"Eng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa200"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10071062","article-title":"Disruption in the balance between goal-directed behavior and habit learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"168","author":"Gillan","year":"2011","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20113"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2019.12.002"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac229","article-title":"Microstates imbalance is associated with a functional dysregulation of the resting-state networks in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A high-density electrical neuroimaging study using the TESS method","volume":"33","author":"Thirioux","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13046","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13046","article-title":"Persistent dependent behaviour is accompanied by dynamic switching between the ventral and dorsal striatal connections in internet gaming disorder","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction Biology"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.03.008","article-title":"Altered network homogeneity of the default-mode network in drug-naive obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"93","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.04.125"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.11.005"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01443-8"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.01.016"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02447-w","article-title":"Spectral dynamic causal modelling in healthy women reveals brain connectivity changes along the menstrual cycle","volume":"4","author":"Hidalgo-Lopez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Communications Biology"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713002250"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0102-3","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"5","author":"Stein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719002988"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25952"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00144-7"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20111601"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.190038","article-title":"Frontoparietal and salience network alterations in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Insights from independent component and sliding time window analyses","volume":"45","author":"Gursel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.12.006","article-title":"Altered intrinsic and extrinsic connectivity in schizophrenia","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6952","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01131-z","article-title":"Decreased left amygdala functional connectivity by cognitive-coping therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"26","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2020_201"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68266-x"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23408"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref28","first-page":"296","article-title":"Altered spontaneous activity and effective connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"529","author":"Long","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology Research in Systems Neuroscience"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25269","article-title":"Perceptual learning of tone patterns changes the effective connectivity between Heschl's gyrus and planum temporale","volume":"42","author":"Lumaca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.046"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719001090"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2022.110516","article-title":"Alterations of default mode and cingulo-opercular salience network and frontostriatal circuit: A candidate endophenotype of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"116","author":"Tomiyama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.11.021"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.02.009","article-title":"Higher dopamine release induced by less rather than more preferred reward during a working memory task in the primate prefrontal cortex","volume":"266","author":"Kodama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.09.015"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01780-w"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104602"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04115-z"},{"key":"S0033291723001228_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.10.025","article-title":"A double blind randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of low frequency rTMS over right DLPFC or OFC for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"156","author":"Khedr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291723001228","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]],"date-time":"2024-05-26T02:53:31Z","timestamp":1716692011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291723001228\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291723001228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291723001228","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}