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It is unclear whether problems persist after PTSD symptoms remit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723001915_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data came from 12 270 trauma-exposed women in the Nurses' Health Study II. Trauma and PTSD symptoms were assessed using validated scales to determine PTSD status as of 2008 (trauma\/no PTSD, remitted PTSD, unresolved PTSD) and symptom severity (lifetime and past-month). Starting in 2014, cognitive function was assessed using the Cogstate Brief Battery every 6 or 12 months for up to 24 months. PTSD associations with baseline cognition and longitudinal cognitive changes were estimated by covariate-adjusted linear regression and linear mixed-effects models, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723001915_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to women with trauma\/no PTSD, women with remitted PTSD symptoms had a similar cognitive function at baseline, while women with unresolved PTSD symptoms had worse psychomotor speed\/attention and learning\/working memory. In women with unresolved PTSD symptoms, past-month PTSD symptom severity was inversely associated with baseline cognition. Over follow-up, both women with remitted and unresolved PTSD symptoms in 2008, especially those with high levels of symptoms, had a faster decline in learning\/working memory than women with trauma\/no PTSD. In women with remitted PTSD symptoms, higher lifetime PTSD symptom severity was associated with a faster decline in learning\/working memory. Results were robust to the adjustment for sociodemographic, biobehavioral, and health factors and were partially attenuated when adjusted for depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291723001915_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unresolved but not remitted PTSD was associated with worse cognitive function assessed six years later. Accelerated cognitive decline was observed among women with either unresolved or remitted PTSD symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291723001915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T09:50:45Z","timestamp":1692006645000},"page":"419-430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom remission and cognition in a large cohort of civilian women"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8955-5832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaxuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca B.","family":"Lawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaili C.","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Sumner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae H.","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric B.","family":"Rimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francine","family":"Grodstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Haneuse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura D.","family":"Kubzansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karestan C.","family":"Koenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lori B.","family":"Chibnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291723001915_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.27935"},{"key":"S0033291723001915_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.157222"},{"key":"S0033291723001915_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.908"},{"key":"S0033291723001915_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acp010"},{"key":"S0033291723001915_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280206074463"},{"key":"S0033291723001915_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063440"},{"key":"S0033291723001915_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716001847"},{"key":"S0033291723001915_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000708"},{"key":"S0033291723001915_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22600"},{"key":"S0033291723001915_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-121516"},{"key":"S0033291723001915_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.04.008"},{"key":"S0033291723001915_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0803"},{"key":"S0033291723001915_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv212"},{"key":"S0033291723001915_ref7","unstructured":"Brand, J. 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