{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:46:39Z","timestamp":1786999599525,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291723003288_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This longitudinal register study aimed to investigate the association between gambling disorder (GD) and work disability and to map work disability in subgroups of individuals with GD, three years before and three years after diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291723003288_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included individuals aged 19\u201362 with GD between 2005 and 2018 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2830; 71.1% men, mean age: 35.1) and a matched comparison cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 28 300). Work disability was operationalized as the aggregated net days of sickness absence and disability pension. Generalized estimating equation models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of long-term work disability (&gt;90 days of work disability\/year). Secondly, we conducted Group-based Trajectory Models on days of work disability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291723003288_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Individuals with GD showed a four-year increased risk of long-term work disability compared to the matched cohort, peaking at the time of diagnosis (AOR = 1.89; CI 1.67\u20132.13). Four trajectory groups of work disability days were identified:\n                      <jats:italic>constant low<\/jats:italic>\n                      (60.3%, 5.6\u201311.2 days),\n                      <jats:italic>low and increasing<\/jats:italic>\n                      (11.4%, 11.8\u2013152.5 days),\n                      <jats:italic>medium\u2013high and decreasing<\/jats:italic>\n                      (11.1%, 65.1\u2013110 days), and\n                      <jats:italic>constant high<\/jats:italic>\n                      (17.1%, 264\u2013331 days). Individuals who were females, older, with prior psychiatric diagnosis, and had been dispensed a psychotropic medication, particularly antidepressants, were more likely to be assigned to groups other than the\n                      <jats:italic>constant low<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291723003288_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with GD have an increased risk of work disability which may add financial and social pressure and is an additional incentive for earlier detection and prevention of GD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291723003288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T19:05:47Z","timestamp":1700420747000},"page":"1391-1402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The risk and development of work disability among individuals with gambling disorder: a longitudinal case\u2013cohort study in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8954-6875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktor","family":"M\u00e5nsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Pettersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5227-0721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellenor","family":"Mittendorfer-Rutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2643-4291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joar","family":"Guterstam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7709-0230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne H.","family":"Berman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2678-3782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitya","family":"Jayaram-Lindstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5663-2010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmina","family":"Molero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291723003288_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035614"},{"key":"S0033291723003288_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00426"},{"key":"S0033291723003288_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62185-X"},{"key":"S0033291723003288_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2017.1360928"},{"key":"S0033291723003288_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911211046045"},{"key":"S0033291723003288_ref44","unstructured":"Public Health Agency. 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Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}