{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:16:48Z","timestamp":1790399808925,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S003329172300380X_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enlarged pituitary gland volume could be a marker of psychotic disorders. However, previous studies report conflicting results. To better understand the role of the pituitary gland in psychosis, we examined a large transdiagnostic sample of individuals with psychotic disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S003329172300380X_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 751 participants (174 with schizophrenia, 114 with schizoaffective disorder, 167 with psychotic bipolar disorder, and 296 healthy controls) across six sites in the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes consortium. Structural magnetic resonance images were obtained, and pituitary gland volumes were measured using the MAGeT brain algorithm. Linear mixed models examined between-group differences with controls and among patient subgroups based on diagnosis, as well as how pituitary volumes were associated with symptom severity, cognitive function, antipsychotic dose, and illness duration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S003329172300380X_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean pituitary gland volume did not significantly differ between patients and controls. No significant effect of diagnosis was observed. Larger pituitary gland volume was associated with greater symptom severity (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic> = 13.61, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0002), lower cognitive function (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic> = 4.76, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), and higher antipsychotic dose (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic> = 5.20, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). Illness duration was not significantly associated with pituitary gland volume. When all variables were considered, only symptom severity significantly predicted pituitary gland volume (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic> = 7.54, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.006).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S003329172300380X_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although pituitary volumes were not increased in psychotic disorders, larger size may be a marker associated with more severe symptoms in the progression of psychosis. This finding helps clarify previous inconsistent reports and highlights the need for further research into pituitary gland-related factors in individuals with psychosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003329172300380x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T09:09:58Z","timestamp":1707988198000},"page":"1835-1843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enlarged pituitary gland volume: a possible state rather than trait marker of psychotic disorders"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1582-725X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Synthia","family":"Guimond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alftieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel A.","family":"Devenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Mike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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