{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:56:47Z","timestamp":1787932607803,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291724000989_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Addressing aggressive behavior in adolescence is a key step toward preventing violence and associated social and economic costs in adulthood. This study examined the secondary effects of the personality-targeted substance use preventive program <jats:italic>Preventure<\/jats:italic> on aggressive behavior from ages 13 to 20.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291724000989_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 339 young people from nine independent schools (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> age = 13.03 years, <jats:sc>s.d.<\/jats:sc> = 0.47, range = 12\u201315) who rated highly on one of the four personality traits associated with increased substance use and other emotional\/behavioral symptoms (i.e. impulsivity, anxiety sensitivity, sensation seeking, and negative thinking) were included in the analyses (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 145 in Preventure, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 194 in control). Self-report assessments were administered at baseline and follow-up (6 months, 1, 2, 3, 5.5, and 7 years). Overall aggression and subtypes of aggressive behaviors (proactive, reactive) were examined using multilevel mixed-effects analysis accounting for school-level clustering.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291724000989_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Across the 7-year follow-up period, the average yearly reduction in the frequency of aggressive behaviors (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] \u22120.64 to \u22120.20; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), reactive aggression (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.22; 95% CI 0.35 to \u22120.10; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), and proactive aggression (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.14; 95% CI \u22120.23 to \u22120.05; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) was greater for the Preventure group compared to the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291724000989_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study suggests a brief personality-targeted intervention may have long-term impacts on aggression among young people; however, this interpretation is limited by imbalance of sex ratios between study groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291724000989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T07:23:44Z","timestamp":1714375424000},"page":"2917-2925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The long-term effectiveness of a personality-targeted substance use prevention program on aggression from adolescence to early adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Siobhan","family":"Lawler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0540-5691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma 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