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The present secondary analysis (Zainal &amp; Newman, 2023b) thus determined whether EF domains mediated the effect of a 14-day (5 prompts\/day) mindfulness ecological momentary intervention (MEMI) against a self-monitoring control (SM) for GAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291724001958_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 110) diagnosed with GAD completed self-reported (Attentional Control Scale, GAD Questionnaire, Perseverative Cognitions Questionnaire) and performance-based tests (Letter-Number Sequencing, Stroop, Trail Making Test-B, Verbal Fluency) at baseline, post-treatment, and one-month follow-up (1MFU). Causal mediation analyses determined if pre-post changes in EF domains preceded and mediated the effect of MEMI against SM on pre-1MFU changes in GAD severity and trait repetitive negative thinking (RNT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291724001958_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>MEMI was more efficacious than SM in improving pre\u2013post inhibition (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = \u22122.075, 95% [\u22123.388, \u22120.762], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .002), working memory (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = 0.512, 95% [0.012, 1.011], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .045), and set-shifting (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = \u22122.916, 95% [\u22125.142, \u22120.691], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .010) but not verbal fluency and attentional control. Within groups, MEMI but not SM produced improvements in all examined pre\u2013post EF outcomes except attentional control. Only pre\u2013post improvements in inhibition mediated the effect of MEMI against SM on pre-1MFU reductions in GAD severity (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.605, 95% [\u22121.357, \u22120.044], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .030; proportion mediated = 7.1%) and trait RNT (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.024, 95% [\u22120.054, \u22120.001], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .040; proportion mediated = 7.4%). These patterns remained after conducting sensitivity analyses with non-linear mediator-outcome relations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291724001958_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Optimizing MEMI for GAD might entail specifically boosting inhibition plausibly by augmenting it with dialectical behavioral therapy, encouraging high-intensity physical exercises, and targeting negative emotional contrast avoidance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291724001958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T05:02:33Z","timestamp":1728968553000},"page":"3715-3728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Treatment as a moderator and executive function as a mediator of the effect of a mindfulness ecological momentary intervention for generalized anxiety disorder"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2023-3173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur Hani","family":"Zainal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0873-1409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle G.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291724001958_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428107300343"},{"key":"S0033291724001958_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1614-09.2009"},{"key":"S0033291724001958_ref102","volume-title":"A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms and commentary","author":"Spreen","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0033291724001958_ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2453"},{"key":"S0033291724001958_ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191119869832"},{"key":"S0033291724001958_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2024.102825"},{"key":"S0033291724001958_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000459"},{"key":"S0033291724001958_ref4","first-page":"e20200156","article-title":"Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"44","author":"Afshari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy"},{"key":"S0033291724001958_ref37","unstructured":"Guy, S. 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