{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:26:32Z","timestamp":1791429992706,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291724002009_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depression is strongly associated with risk for suicidal behaviors. However, depression is a highly heterogeneous condition (i.e. there are more than 200 combinations of DSM-5-TR depressive symptoms to correspond to a depression diagnosis). Limited research to date has taken an empirical approach to see how people cluster together based on their classification of depressive symptoms and whether people in certain classes are more likely to report suicide outcomes than other classes. This analysis leverages the National Survey on Drug Use and Health and examines classes of depressive symptoms to explore differences in suicide-related outcomes by class among adults endorsing depressive symptoms (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 41 969).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291724002009_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify classes of individuals\u2019 DSM-5 depressive symptoms presentation and then explored differences in suicide-related outcomes (i.e. suicide plans, suicide attempts) by the resulting classes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291724002009_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A four-class model was determined to optimize the fit criteria. Class 3 (high depressive symptoms) had significantly greater rates of suicide-related outcomes, followed by class 1 (high depressed mood and moderate worthlessness), with classes 4 and 2 having significantly lower rates of suicide-related outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291724002009_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of LCA provided valuable findings on the importance of leveraging both a multi-faceted assessment of depressive symptoms to identify cases where a high number of depressive symptoms are endorsed, and review of the specific symptoms endorsed. Worthlessness, in particular, may be of particular value to focus on within the context of suicide prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291724002009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T11:08:37Z","timestamp":1727262517000},"page":"3501-3506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Latent class analysis of depressive symptoms and associations with suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts among a large national sample"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0213-4112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annabelle M.","family":"Mournet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan M.","family":"Kleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5-TR\u00ae)","year":"2022"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mph001"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-00789-3"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref12","unstructured":"Schiller, J. S. , & Norris, T. (2023). Early release of selected estimates based on data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey. National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, 2022."},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00446"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2021.103"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798420930932"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.02.021"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.01.24"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref1","unstructured":"American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. (2024). Safe reporting guidelines for media. Accessed May 21, 2024. Available at: https:\/\/afsp.org\/safereporting\/"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108808"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref14","volume-title":"National survey on drug use and health: 2008-2014","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12521"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.4513"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpq025"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.09.007"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref5","volume-title":"2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH): Final web specifications for programming (English version)","year":"2022"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00061.x"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2023.2250920"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.10.010"},{"key":"S0033291724002009_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaclp.2021.02.002"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291724002009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T06:14:43Z","timestamp":1758608083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291724002009\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291724002009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291724002009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}