{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T09:12:57Z","timestamp":1794042777450,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291724002186_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The clinical course of major depressive disorder (MDD) is heterogeneous, and early-onset MDD often has a more severe and complex clinical course. Our goal was to determine whether polygenic scores (PGSs) for psychiatric disorders are associated with treatment trajectories in early-onset MDD treated in secondary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291724002186_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were drawn from the iPSYCH2015 sample, which includes all individuals born in Denmark between 1981 and 2008 who were treated in secondary care for depression between 1995 and 2015. We selected unrelated individuals of European ancestry with an MDD diagnosis between ages 10\u201325 (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10577). Seven-year trajectories of hospital contacts for depression were modeled using Latent Class Growth Analysis. Associations between PGS for MDD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, ADHD, and anorexia and trajectories of MDD contacts were modeled using multinomial logistic regressions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291724002186_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified four trajectory patterns:\n                      <jats:italic>brief contact<\/jats:italic>\n                      (65%),\n                      <jats:italic>prolonged initial contact<\/jats:italic>\n                      (20%),\n                      <jats:italic>later re-entry<\/jats:italic>\n                      (8%), and\n                      <jats:italic>persistent contact<\/jats:italic>\n                      (7%). Relative to the\n                      <jats:italic>brief contact<\/jats:italic>\n                      trajectory, higher PGS for ADHD was associated with a decreased odds of membership in the\n                      <jats:italic>prolonged initial contact<\/jats:italic>\n                      (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = 1.01\u20131.11) and\n                      <jats:italic>persistent contact<\/jats:italic>\n                      (1.12, 1.03\u20131.21) trajectories, while PGS-AN was associated with increased odds of membership in the\n                      <jats:italic>persistent contact<\/jats:italic>\n                      trajectory (1.12, 1.03\u20131.21).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291724002186_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found significant associations between polygenic liabilities for psychiatric disorders and treatment trajectories in patients with secondary-treated early-onset MDD. These findings help elucidate the relationship between a patient's genetics and their clinical course; however, the effect sizes are small and therefore unlikely to have predictive value in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291724002186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T05:10:55Z","timestamp":1728882655000},"page":"3828-3837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Polygenic liabilities and treatment trajectories in early-onset depression: a Danish register-based study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5513-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Mundy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1684-6663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alisha S. M.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0553-6480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jette","family":"Steinbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3166-4120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Albina\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2849-524X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esben","family":"Agerbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2963-1928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Als","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3689-737X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Thapar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4792-6068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John J.","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2277-9249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bjarni J.","family":"Vilhj\u00e1lmsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4895-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merete","family":"Nordentoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1829-0766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Werge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8627-7219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"B\u00f8rglum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4782-1450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Preben B.","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6198-4953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Musliner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000360229"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0439-2"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.10.021"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.16"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00376-5"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.196"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124106292364"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref22","unstructured":"Ministerium: Indenrigs- og Sundhedsministeriet. 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Referenceprogram for unipolar depression hos voksne."},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.2387"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.09.001"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830020047006"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810395825"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00857-4"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0344-8"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2019.90"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.4.365"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.4602"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.138"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.3365"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01413-6"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394717"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-010-9113-7"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810387965"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13595"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.5.513"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref35","first-page":"4449","article-title":"Efficient toolkit implementing best practices for principal component analysis of population genetic data","volume":"36","author":"Priv\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"S0033291724002186_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.10.1552"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291724002186","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T09:49:44Z","timestamp":1732096184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291724002186\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291724002186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291724002186","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}