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This study included 15 RCTs up until 15 June 2024, with 905 participants. Results showed significant improvements in BDD symptoms (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.97), depression (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.51), anxiety (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.72), insight\/delusion (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.57), psychosocial functioning (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> = 0.45), and quality of life (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> = 0.44), with effects sustained from 1 to 6 months follow-up. RCTs with a waitlist\/inactive control reported larger effect sizes for post-intervention BDD symptoms compared to those with a placebo\/active control group. In addition, studies with low risk of bias demonstrate larger effect sizes for post-intervention psychosocial functioning compared to studies with some concerns. Notably, the presence of exposure and response prevention in the treatment, as well as the mode of delivery (face-to-face or digital), did not have a significant impact on the intervention outcomes. Females exhibited greater effect sizes in post-intervention BDD symptoms and psychosocial functioning than males. With increasing age, the effect size for insight\/delusion symptoms diminished. Longer session duration was associated with larger effect sizes for BDD symptoms, depression at post-treatment, and depression at follow-up. TSA indicated robust evidence for depression at post-treatment and BDD symptoms, while the remaining outcome variables did not meet the desired level of evidence. In conclusion, this study underscores the effectiveness of psychological treatments in reducing BDD symptoms and improving related outcomes, highlighting the need for further research to confirm the impact of these therapies on other outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291724002733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T07:40:26Z","timestamp":1733211626000},"page":"4048-4061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The efficacy of psychological treatments on body dysmorphic disorder: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1516-4863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5627-3786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lizu","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5316-2711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8095-1097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine A.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1976-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunxiao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2919-3673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3753-6242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00025-3"},{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(96)00082-4"},{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.03.011"},{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900016436"},{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10503300802621172"},{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.2.193"},{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.05.062"},{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.05.002"},{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref31","volume-title":"Core interventions in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder (a guideline from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, National Health Service)","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.11.058"},{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2011.09.013"},{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2021.102443"},{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref56","volume-title":"Residuals and influence in regression","author":"Weisberg","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.03.013"},{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000372"},{"key":"S0033291724002733_ref10","unstructured":"Campisi, T. 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