{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:13:26Z","timestamp":1785150806088,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":31,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"BrightFocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A2020886S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2020886S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0033291724002769_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Motor activity fluctuations in healthy adults exhibit fractal patterns characterized by consistent temporal correlations across wide-ranging time scales. However, these patterns are disrupted by aging and psychiatric conditions. This study aims to investigate how fractal patterns vary across the sleep\u2013wake cycle, differ based on individuals' recency of depression diagnosis, and change before and after a depressive episode.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291724002769_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using actigraphy from two cohorts (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 378), we examined fractal motor activity patterns both between individuals without depression and with varying recencies of depression and within individuals before and after depressive symptom recurrence. To evaluate fractal patterns, we quantified temporal correlations in motor activity fluctuations across different time scales using a scaling exponent, <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>. Linear mixed models were utilized to assess the influence of the sleep\u2013wake cycle, (recency of) depression, and their interaction on <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291724002769_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fractal activity patterns in all individuals varied across the sleep\u2013wake cycle, showing stronger temporal correlations during wakefulness (larger <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> = 1.035 \u00b1 0.003) and more random activity fluctuations during sleep (smaller <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> = 0.784 \u00b1 0.004, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). This sleep\u2013wake difference was reduced in recently depressed individuals (1\u20136 months), leading to larger <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> during sleep (0.836 \u00b1 0.017), compared to currently depressed (0.781 \u00b1 0.018, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.006), remitted (0.776 \u00b1 0.014, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and never-depressed individuals (0.773 \u00b1 0.016, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Moreover, remitted individuals who experienced depressive symptom recurrence during antidepressant tapering exhibited a larger <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> during sleep after the symptom onset as compared to before (after: <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> = 0.703 \u00b1 0.022; before: <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> = 0.680 \u00b1 0.022; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0033291724002769_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest a link between fractal motor activity patterns during sleep and depressive symptom recurrence in remitted individuals and those with recent depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291724002769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T12:16:01Z","timestamp":1733141761000},"page":"4429-4437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Fractal motor activity during wakefulness and sleep: a window into depression recency and symptom recurrence"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4006-3498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O.","family":"Minaeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3661-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Riese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0611-4784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. 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