{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T21:37:52Z","timestamp":1793655472976,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291724003374_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by severe distress and associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Studies in military and clinical populations suggest that dysregulated metabolomic processes may be a key mechanism. Prior work identified and validated a metabolite-based distress score (MDS) linked with depression and anxiety and subsequent cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we assessed whether PTSD shares metabolic alterations with depression and anxiety and if additional metabolites are related to PTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291724003374_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We leveraged plasma metabolomics data from three subsamples nested within the Nurses\u2019 Health Study II, including 2835 women with 2950 blood samples collected across three time points (1996\u20132014) and 339 known metabolites assayed by mass spectrometry-based techniques. Trauma and PTSD exposures were assessed in 2008 and characterized as follows: lifetime trauma without PTSD, lifetime PTSD in remission, and persistent PTSD symptoms. Associations between the exposures and the MDS or individual metabolites were estimated within each subsample adjusting for potential confounders and combined in random-effects meta-analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291724003374_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistent PTSD symptoms were associated with higher levels of the previously developed MDS. Out of 339 metabolites, we identified 29 metabolites (primarily elevated glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids) associated with persistent symptoms (false discovery rate\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05; adjusting for technical covariates). No metabolite associations were found with the other PTSD-related exposures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291724003374_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As the first large-scale, population-based metabolomics analysis of PTSD, our study highlighted shared and distinct metabolic differences linked to PTSD versus depression or anxiety. We identified novel metabolite markers associated with PTSD symptom persistence, suggesting further connections with metabolic dysregulation that may have downstream consequences for health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291724003374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]],"date-time":"2025-02-09T20:52:31Z","timestamp":1739134351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Persistent PTSD symptoms are associated with plasma metabolic alterations relevant to long-term health: A metabolome-wide investigation in women"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3874-6671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiwen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine H.","family":"Shutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raji","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana A.","family":"Zeleznik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clary B.","family":"Clish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"\u00c1vila-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Hankinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura D.","family":"Kubzansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291724003374_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.08.016"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-018-1420-2"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.05.038"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/324133.324140"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000947"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40303-015-0007-3"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r56","first-page":"1","article-title":"An integrated meta-analysis of peripheral blood metabolites and biological functions in major depressive disorder","author":"Pu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104954"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-1960-y"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000001088"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-019-01176-0"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200310000-00002"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2021.105420"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa209"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.024"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.01.03.474852"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024768"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.908"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18266-w"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.169"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.08.003"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.10064"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.27935"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1062"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.08.010"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8733(78)90021-7"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0022250X.2001.9990249"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r57","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and accelerated aging: Leukocyte telomere length in the nurses\u2019 health study II","author":"Ratanatharathorn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/mcs.a000588"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.03.018"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199301000-00011"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r3","volume-title":"Diagnostic criteria from DSM-IV","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.157222"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-1222"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22710"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.03.002"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/nedt.1.2.109.61049"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2017.1351204"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029468"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b418288j"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.10.001"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62971-7"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000354910"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15697"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014492"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41515-z"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.04.009"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.02.007"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-004-6871-3"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01940-y"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071744"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r68","first-page":"41","article-title":"Biology of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"62","author":"Yehuda","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2009.01913.x"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4061"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.01.027"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00870-9"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad731"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(92)90221-O"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3314"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02142-8"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21078"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.012"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22048"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213839"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv406"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02180-2"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.10.014"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2014.01.014"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21848"},{"key":"S0033291724003374_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00302-4"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291725000339","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000}}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291724003374","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T05:49:27Z","timestamp":1740548967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291724003374\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S0033291724003374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291724003374","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.08.07.24311628","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e30"}}