{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:53:38Z","timestamp":1793141618980,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291724003441_sec1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Panic disorder (PD) may increase the likelihood of suicidal ideation and behaviors because of psychiatric comorbidities such as major depressive disorder (MDD). However, research has yet to demonstrate a direct relationship between PD and suicide mortality.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291724003441_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Using data from Taiwan\u2019s National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 171,737 individuals with PD and 686,948 age- and sex-matched individuals without PD during 2003\u20132017. We assessed the risk of suicide within the same period. Psychiatric comorbidities such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), autism, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and substance use disorder (SUD) were also evaluated. Time-dependent Cox regression models were used to compare the risk of suicide in different groups after adjustment for demographic data and psychiatric comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291724003441_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Our Cox regression model revealed that PD was an independent risk factor for suicide (hazard ratio [HR]\u00a0=\u00a01.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a01.59\u20132.14), regardless of psychiatric comorbidities. Among all comorbidities, MDD with PD was associated with the highest risk of suicide (HR\u00a0=\u00a06.08, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a05.48\u20136.74), followed by autism (HR\u00a0=\u00a04.52, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.66\u201312.29), schizophrenia (HR\u00a0=\u00a03.34, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a02.7\u20134.13), bipolar disorder (HR\u00a0=\u00a03.20, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a02.71\u20133.79), AUD (HR\u00a0=\u00a02.99, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a02.41\u20133.72), SUD (HR\u00a0=\u00a02.82, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a02.28\u20133.47), and OCD (HR\u00a0=\u00a02.10, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.64\u20132.67).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291724003441_sec4\" sec-type=\"discussion\">\n\t    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>PD is an independent risk factor for suicide. Psychiatric comorbidities (i.e. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD, OCD, AUD, SUD, and autism) with PD increase the risk of suicide.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291724003441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T09:33:49Z","timestamp":1739180029000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Panic disorder and 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