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Participants reported their loneliness, completed a battery of cognitive tests, and nominated a knowledgeable informant to rate their cognitive decline. Random-effect meta-analyses were used to summarize the associations from each cohort.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S003329172500011X_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Loneliness was associated with poor overall cognitive performance and informant-rated cognitive decline controlling for sociodemographic factors (meta-analytic correlation for overall cognition\u00a0=\u00a0\u2212.10 [95% CI\u00a0=\u00a0\u2212.13, \u2212.06] and informant-rated decline\u00a0=\u00a0.16 [95% CI\u00a0=\u00a0.14, .17]). Despite some heterogeneity, the associations were significant across samples from Africa, Asia, Europe, North, Central, and South America. The meta-analysis also indicated an association with specific cognitive domains: episodic memory, speed-attention, visuospatial abilities, numeric reasoning, and verbal fluency. The associations were attenuated but persisted when depressive symptoms were added as a covariate. Depression, cognitive impairment, and sociodemographic factors did not consistently moderate the associations across samples.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S003329172500011X_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Loneliness is associated with poor performance across multiple domains of cognition and observer-rated cognitive decline, associations that replicated across diverse world regions and cultures.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003329172500011x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T06:48:03Z","timestamp":1740034083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Loneliness and cognition in older adults: A meta-analysis of harmonized studies from the United States, England, India, China, South Africa, Mexico, and Chile"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3810-9186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1824-8974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelina R.","family":"Sutin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6886-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Hajek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8629-4422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selin","family":"Karakose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0899-624X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damaris","family":"Aschwanden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1423-7119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e1raic S.","family":"O\u2019S\u00failleabh\u00e1in","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8029-8809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannick","family":"Stephan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5799-8885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Terracciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7370-8443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Luchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S003329172500011X_r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acab001"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.701305"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2024.105627"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2023.2270208"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r34","volume-title":"Social isolation and loneliness in older adults: Opportunities for the health care system","year":"2020"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014400"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610223000923"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027504268574"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-014-9281-y"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.01.020"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5304"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101772"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(22)00199-4"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1362-1"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.13196"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200612"},{"key":"S003329172500011X_r55","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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