{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:55:08Z","timestamp":1789192508948,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":70,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725000388_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In major depressive disorder (MDD), only ~35% achieve remission after first-line antidepressant therapy. Using UK Biobank data, we identify sociodemographic, clinical, and genetic predictors of antidepressant response through self-reported outcomes, aiming to inform personalized treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725000388_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In UK Biobank Mental Health Questionnaire 2, participants with MDD reported whether specific antidepressants helped them. We tested whether retrospective lifetime response to four selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 19,516) \u2013 citalopram (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 8335), fluoxetine (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 8476), paroxetine (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2297) and sertraline (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 5883) \u2013 was associated with sociodemographic (e.g. age, gender) and clinical factors (e.g. episode duration). Genetic analyses evaluated the association between CYP2C19 variation and self-reported response, while polygenic score (PGS) analysis assessed whether genetic predisposition to psychiatric disorders and antidepressant response predicted self-reported SSRI outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725000388_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      71%\u201377% of participants reported positive responses to SSRIs. Non-response was significantly associated with alcohol and illicit drug use (OR = 1.59,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2.23 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u221220<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), male gender (OR = 1.25,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 8.29 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u221208<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and lower-income (OR = 1.35,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4.22 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u221207<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). The worst episode lasting over 2 years (OR = 1.93,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3.87 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u221216<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and no mood improvement from positive events (OR = 1.35,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2.37 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u221207<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) were also associated with non-response. CYP2C19 poor metabolizers had nominally higher non-response rates (OR = 1.31,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.77 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u221202<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Higher PGS for depression (OR = 1.08,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3.37 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u221205<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) predicted negative SSRI outcomes after multiple testing corrections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725000388_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-reported antidepressant response in the UK Biobank is influenced by sociodemographic, clinical, and genetic factors, mirroring clinical response measures. While positive outcomes are more frequent than remission reported in clinical trials, these self-reports replicate known treatment associations, suggesting they capture meaningful aspects of antidepressant effectiveness from the patient\u2019s perspective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291725000388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T06:16:18Z","timestamp":1741760178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Sociodemographic, clinical, and genetic factors associated with self-reported antidepressant response outcomes in the UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4334-6883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Kamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3219-8942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris Wai Hang","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6320-3222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grigorios","family":"Kokkinidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mimansa","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5069-3197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra C.","family":"Gillett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"AMBER Research Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0198-4588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew M.","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5680-3281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Pain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8249-8476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cathryn M.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291725000388_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.06.011"},{"key":"S0033291725000388_r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2009.12"},{"key":"S0033291725000388_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000168879.03169.ce"},{"key":"S0033291725000388_r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2021.1012"},{"key":"S0033291725000388_r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10111645"},{"key":"S0033291725000388_r45","first-page":"l835","article-title":"Depression in primary care: Part 2-management","volume":"365","author":"Ramanuj","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"S0033291725000388_r55","unstructured":"Sternat, M. , Mohammed, T. , & Furtado, T. 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