{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:22:22Z","timestamp":1790983342836,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":174,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F-114352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F-114352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F-114354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F-114354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725100792_sec1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Interventions at frequently used suicide locations that restrict access to means, encourage help-seeking, and increase the likelihood of intervention by a third party are effective in preventing suicide at such sites. However, there have been concerns that such efforts may displace suicides to other sites. It is important to synthesize the evidence on suicide displacement effects.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725100792_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic search of Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Google for eligible studies from their inception to February 20, 2025. Meta-analyses were conducted to assess the pooled effects of interventions on suicides at frequently used locations and other sites, and on overall suicides involving the same method.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725100792_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Our search identified 17 studies. Meta-analyses showed a reduction in suicides at the intervention sites (pooled incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.09, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.04\u20130.21) and no evidence of changes in suicides at other sites after restricting access to means was deployed alone. The pooled IRR for nearby sites (same type) was 0.99 (95% CI 0.72\u20131.38); for other sites (same type), it was 0.99 (95% CI 0.76\u20131.29); and for other sites (different\/unspecified type), it was 1.19 (95% CI 0.90\u20131.58). There was an overall reduction in suicides involving the same method during the post-intervention period (IRR 0.77, 95% CI 0.65\u20130.92). Similar patterns were observed when restricting access to means was assessed alone or with other interventions.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725100792_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Suicide numbers at other sites did not change after interventions such as restricting access to means were deployed at frequently used locations.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291725100792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T07:01:49Z","timestamp":1750748509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Impact of interventions at frequently used suicide locations on occurrence of suicides at other sites: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3549-9860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lay San","family":"Too","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangsoo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamna","family":"Taouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Pirkis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Sinyor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Siu Fai","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Hawton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291725100792_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2006.013748"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2010.115188"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.07.021"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2017.01.006"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1993.77.2.534"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100265"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910.26.1.25"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2884"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r36","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). 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Suicide. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/suicide."},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910.28.S1.58"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12157"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674241297544"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2022.08.019"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r28","first-page":"28","article-title":"Long-term impact of the Bloor Viaduct suicide barrier on suicides in Toronto: A time-series analysis","volume":"70","author":"Sinyor","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckq092"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2021-044240"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r6","volume-title":"Systematic reviews: CRD\u2019S guidance for undertaking reviews in health care","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301089"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015299"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674231177960"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.1994.tb00666.x"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670902873698"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-015-0024-z"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0004867010060501"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.2005.35.4.460"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.17770"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-022-02340-9"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12080"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.027136"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt021"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-023-01504-6"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r20","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796023000720"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00266-7"},{"key":"S0033291725100792_r32","volume-title":"Identifying and prioritising suicide hotspots in Australia. 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e168"}}