{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:59:44Z","timestamp":1791827984299,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":202,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725100986_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comprehensive cognitive remediation improves cognitive and functional outcomes in people with serious mental illness, but the specific components required for effective programs are uncertain. The most common methods to improve cognition are facilitated computerized cognitive training with coaching and teaching cognitive self-management strategies. We compared these methods by dismantling the Thinking Skills for Work program, a comprehensive, validated cognitive remediation program that incorporates both strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725100986_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a randomized controlled trial we assigned 203 unemployed people with serious mental illness in supported employment programs at two mental health agencies to receive either the full Thinking Skills for Work (TSW) program, which included computerized cognitive training (based on Cogpack software), or the program with cognitive self-management (CSM) but no computer training. Outcomes included employment, cognition, and mental health over 2\u00a0years. To benchmark outcomes, we also examined competitive work outcomes in a similar prior trial comparing the TSW program with supported employment only.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725100986_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TSW and CSM groups improved significantly on all outcomes, but there were no differences between the groups. Competitive work outcomes for both groups resembled those of the TSW program in a prior trial and were better than the supported employment-only group in that study, suggesting that participants in both groups benefited from cognitive remediation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725100986_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Providing facilitated computerized cognitive training improved neither employment nor cognitive outcomes beyond teaching cognitive self-management strategies in people receiving supported employment. Computerized cognitive training may not be necessary for cognitive remediation programs to improve cognitive and functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291725100986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T08:30:32Z","timestamp":1753173032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A dismantling study of comprehensive cognitive remediation for improving employment outcomes: what is the role of computer cognitive training?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5091-3033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan R.","family":"McGurk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qwgg493","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Boston University"},{"name":"Boston University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1482-8314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim T.","family":"Mueser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qwgg493","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Boston University"},{"name":"Boston University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth"},{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qwgg493","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Boston University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4714-1973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole R.","family":"DeTore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/002pd6e78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Pashka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01dp3s597","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Thresholds, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Guarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mental Health Center of Greater Manchester"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anabelle","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01dp3s597","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Thresholds, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Elliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01dp3s597","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Thresholds, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mental Health Center of Greater Manchester"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mental Health Center of Greater Manchester"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01dp3s597","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Thresholds, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mental Health Center of Greater Manchester"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mental Health Center of Greater Manchester"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Razzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01dp3s597","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Thresholds, Inc."},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02mpq6x41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemarie","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hj8s172","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Columbia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291725100986_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.01.017"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006874"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.06.027"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r62","first-page":"144","article-title":"Supported employment among veterans with serious mental illness: The role of cognition and social cognition on work outcome","volume":"1","author":"Reddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research: Cognition"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/nedt.2006.2.4.531"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.942161"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r71","first-page":"S15","article-title":"Integrated supported employment plus cognitive remediation training for people with schizophrenia","volume":"22","author":"Tsang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hong Kong Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.06.019"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.09.015"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15487768.2014.954162"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbi037"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/10.3.388"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.124.2.262"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20784"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12m07686"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r47","first-page":"S183","article-title":"Cognitive enhancement and illness self-management in vocational rehabilitation","volume":"41","author":"McGurk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r48","volume-title":"Cognitive remediation for successful employment and psychiatric recovery: The thinking skills for work program","author":"McGurk","year":"2021"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r31","volume-title":"Revised comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead Reitan battery: Demographically adjusted neuropyschological norms for African Americans and Caucasian adults","author":"Heaton","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r76","volume-title":"Wide range achievement test 3 (manual)","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.04.045"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119513469"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r41","first-page":"594","article-title":"Manual for the expanded brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS)","volume":"12","author":"Lukoff","year":"1986","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000020"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32598\/bcn.2021.3112.1"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033430"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.14030374"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbi013"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-022-01228-9"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.390"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202100249"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.10.004"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2005.03.0061"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs120"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-004-0762-4"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn182"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000232"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbae075"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-015-0329-3"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2291"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10060855"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12087"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.10.047"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31820c752f"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.166.5.654"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888691.2014.983635"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901410010018"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2007.00769.x"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.3.437"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201900239"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r70","first-page":"495","article-title":"Review on vocational predictors: A systematic review of predictors of vocational outcomes among individuals with schizophrenia: An update since 1998","volume":"44","author":"Tsang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000211"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.3.241"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0620"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r32","volume-title":"Longitudinal data analysis","author":"Hedeker","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07010042"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.073"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r61","first-page":"712","article-title":"Screening for cognitive impairment among inpatients","volume":"39","author":"Radford","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r23","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis-I disorders - patient edition (SCID-I\/P, version 2.0)","author":"First","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r43","volume-title":"COGPACK: The cognitive training package manual (version 8.8)","author":"Marker","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx115"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/mi.2018.7812"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.649737"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201700489"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986024001070"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195131215.001.0001"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.62.5.pss6205_0545"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.54.8.1129"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r13","first-page":"125","article-title":"The Hopkins verbal learning test: Development of a new memory test with six equivalent forms","volume":"5","author":"Brandt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07060906"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.07.047"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.052"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139003872"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.12.3.426"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212208"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r66","first-page":"S189","article-title":"Effects of cognitive remediation and supported employment for people with severe mental illness in Japan: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Sato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.878429"},{"key":"S0033291725100986_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201800562"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291725101487","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000}}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291725100986","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:51:42Z","timestamp":1756169502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291725100986\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S0033291725100986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291725100986","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e208"}}