{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:50:14Z","timestamp":1787500214245,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":275,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-20-0319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-20-0319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-22-0458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-22-0458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007397","name":"Univerzita Karlova v Praze","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRIMUS\/24\/SSH\/017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIMUS\/24\/SSH\/017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007397","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25-15697S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-15697S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003194","name":"Agent\u00fara Ministerstva \u0160kolstva, Vedy, V\u00fdskumu a \u0160portu SR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VEGA 1\/0559\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1\/0559\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003194","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-23-0647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-23-0647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725102080_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although mental disorders have long been considered complex dynamic systems, our understanding of the mutual interactions and temporal patterns of their symptoms remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725102080_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this longitudinal study, we examined the structure and dynamics of four key mental health indicators \u2013 depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and insomnia \u2013 in a representative sample of the Slovak population (effective\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03,874) over 10 waves spanning 3.5 years. For each construct, a longitudinal panel network model was estimated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725102080_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The temporal relationships between symptoms were mostly weak, with the autoregressive effects typically being stronger. In depression, anxiety, and insomnia, some causal chains and feedback loops were identified. In all constructs, both contemporaneous and between-person networks showed dense connections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725102080_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings provide critical insights into the complexity of mental health development, offering potential targets for intervention and prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291725102080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T07:06:48Z","timestamp":1759475208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Complex temporal dynamics of mental health indicators: A longitudinal network approach perspective"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9648-9108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mat\u00fa\u0161","family":"Adamkovi\u010d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Slovak Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4"},{"name":"Charles University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3717-6993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Simsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slovak Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2728-4619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bibi\u00e1na","family":"Jozefiakov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palacky University"},{"name":"University of Presov"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9449-785X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Mikul\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Presov"},{"name":"Akademia Humanitas"},{"name":"Ambis University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3407-6631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Babin\u010d\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Presov"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6601-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Ban\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slovak Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6292-3394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslava","family":"Bo\u010danov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Presov"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6816-1802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denisa","family":"Fed\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slovak Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0849-4754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kl\u00e1ra","family":"Ka\u010dmarikov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Presov"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0076-1945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavol","family":"Ka\u010dm\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2341-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Kento\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slovak Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3051-5469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vikt\u00f3ria","family":"Majd\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Presov"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8758-0997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenka","family":"Vargov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slovak Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"Charles University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7336-7343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u013dubica","family":"Zibr\u00ednov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Presov"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5222-1233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Ropovik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291725102080_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000150"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024456713321"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r73","unstructured":"WHO. (2023). Depressive disorder (depression). Retrieved December 2, 2024, from Who.int website: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/depression."},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v3i0.17734"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13081155"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r77","article-title":"Cross-lagged network models","author":"Wysocki","year":"2022","journal-title":"APH \u2013 Methodology"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r52","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2023"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01866-8"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r72","unstructured":"WHO. (2022). World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from Who.int website: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240049338."},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r17","unstructured":"Epskamp, S. (2023). psychonetrics: Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Network Analysis [R package version 0.11.5]. Retrieved from https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=psychonetrics."},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r21","first-page":"110","article-title":"The posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist for DSM-5: A systematic review of existing psychometric evidence","volume":"30","author":"Forkus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: A Publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20503"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(02)00025-0"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000704"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.09.008"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2841"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.719490"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037133"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspi0000034"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16749"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-072220-021010"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43802-7"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43045-023-00315-3"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716001550"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104532"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003111238-12"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30026-1"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i04"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/496416a"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941231213649"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10879-019-09426-7"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.07.002"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S326880"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.610"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20375"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000446"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297058"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21243-x"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000336"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445514547957"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz288"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r69","unstructured":"Weathers, F. W. , Litz, B. T. , Keane, T. M. , Palmieri, P. A. , Marx, B. P. , & Schnurr, P. P. (2013). The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/professional\/assessment\/adult-sr\/ptsd-checklist.asp."},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r45","first-page":"964","article-title":"Networks of depression and anxiety symptoms across development","volume":"57","author":"McElroy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.04.011"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-023-01622-w"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2024.102896"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-021-09767-0"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2018.1454823"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.577429"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702617745640"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.108112"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05698-z"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20030305"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22202"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.4602"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r75","volume-title":"Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD","author":"Wilson","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000708"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102115"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.08.035"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445599234002"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702617745092"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2021.11.006"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.5.601"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-020-09697-3"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579413000503"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722000095"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2024.2317675"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22795"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.024"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30432-0"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r61","unstructured":"Slovak Statistical Office. (2021). Demografia a soci\u00e1lne \u0161tatistiky. Retrieved from https:\/\/statdat.statistics.sk\/."},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13923"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2022.102658"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101531"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.08.013"},{"key":"S0033291725102080_r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719003404"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291725102080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T07:06:52Z","timestamp":1759475212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291725102080\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["S0033291725102080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291725102080","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e295"}}