{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:03:32Z","timestamp":1788966212258,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":342,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH108595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH108595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24MH120568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24MH120568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019274","name":"National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24MH135189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24MH135189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019274","name":"National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23MH125143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23MH125143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2BSP3_195645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2BSP3_195645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725102766_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) leads to faltering growth and psychosocial impairment. Three phenotypes can co-occur: fear of aversive consequences of eating (\n                      <jats:italic>ARFID-fear<\/jats:italic>\n                      phenotype), sensory sensitivity, and lack of interest in eating\/food. We hypothesized that youth with ARFID, especially\n                      <jats:italic>ARFID-fear<\/jats:italic>\n                      phenotype, would show hyperactivation of fear-related regions in response to ARFID-specific fear images, compared to healthy controls (HC), and activation of these regions would positively correlate with ARFID fear severity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725102766_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Youth (N=103: 76 ARFID, including 20\n                      <jats:italic>ARFID-fear<\/jats:italic>\n                      phenotype; 27 HC) underwent functional MRI scanning while viewing ARFID-specific fear (e.g. vomiting, choking) versus neutral images. We compared blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response in fear-related region of interests (ROI; e.g. amygdala, hippocampus, insula) between ARFID and\n                      <jats:italic>ARFID-fear<\/jats:italic>\n                      phenotype versus HC. We evaluated the association between brain response and ARFID fear severity in\n                      <jats:italic>ARFID-fear<\/jats:italic>\n                      phenotype.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725102766_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Across individuals, there was a robust bilateral amygdala response to ARFID-specific fear versus neutral images. Compared to HC,\n                      <jats:italic>ARFID-fear<\/jats:italic>\n                      phenotype showed a greater insula response to ARFID-specific fear versus neutral images (p=0.049). There were no other group differences and no significant relationships between BOLD response and ARFID fear severity in\n                      <jats:italic>ARFID-fear<\/jats:italic>\n                      phenotype.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291725102766_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ARFID-specific fear images elicit amygdala responses across individuals, with greater activation in the insula only in\n                      <jats:italic>ARFID-fear<\/jats:italic>\n                      phenotype versus HC. These findings validate the ARFID-specific fear paradigm and highlight the intriguing possibility that, in the\n                      <jats:italic>ARFID-fear<\/jats:italic>\n                      phenotype, universally feared experiences such as choking and vomiting serve as the unconditioned stimulus in developing ARFID and may partially be mediated by the insular cortex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291725102766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T05:52:37Z","timestamp":1765259557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Amygdala and insula activation in youth with avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder in response to aversive food-specific fear images"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6439-8191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara 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