{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T17:24:24Z","timestamp":1794245064810,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Childhood trauma is a well-established risk factor for the onset and persistence of psychotic symptoms. Consequently, trauma-focused interventions (TFIs) are increasingly incorporated into psychosis treatment, though their effectiveness in reducing hallucinations and delusions remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of TFIs on psychosis-related outcomes in individuals with psychotic disorders or subclinical symptoms. Thirty-six studies (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a01,384) were included, with 18 (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0806) contributing to meta-analyses. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using AXIS, Cochrane RoB2, and GRADE. Pre\u2013post analyses showed small reductions in hallucinations (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.37; adjusted\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.28;\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a015) and medium reductions in delusions (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.55;\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a014), with younger participants benefiting more. In controlled trials, TFIs did not significantly reduce hallucinations at the end of treatment or follow-up (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.12 and \u22120.01; both\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a07), whereas delusions showed significant reductions at both time points (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.44 and\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.48; both\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a07). No significant effect on negative symptoms was observed at the end of trial (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.02;\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a06), though a small improvement appeared at follow-up (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.26;\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a06). TFIs produced small but significant reductions in PTSD symptoms at both time points (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a06). No consistent effects were found for secondary outcomes: depression (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a07), anxiety (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a05), or quality of life (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a03), though functioning improved at follow-up (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a06). TFIs appear particularly effective in reducing delusions, but show limited benefit for hallucinations and other secondary outcomes. Further work is needed to design and test symptom-specific psychological interventions for distinct psychotic experiences.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291725103036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T04:05:07Z","timestamp":1767931507000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Trauma-focused psychological interventions for psychosis: Meta-analytic evidence of differential effects on delusions and hallucinations"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5873-0052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diamantis","family":"Toutountzidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0267vjk41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of 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