{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T17:20:03Z","timestamp":1769620803143,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1MH132337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1MH132337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031526","name":"Jinan Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-BD-2-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-BD-2-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031526","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103201_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurodevelopmental disorders have been associated with hearing problems (HP) later in life, but there is limited information regarding their shared biology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103201_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We leveraged large-scale genome-wide datasets to estimate genetic correlation (global and local), polygenic overlap, and locus-specific pleiotropy among HP, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Tourette syndrome (TS). Then, we investigated shared molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular components, and performed a drug-repurposing analysis to identify compounds that may target the pathogenic processes linking neurodevelopmental disorders to HP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103201_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We observed high genetic correlation of HP with ASD (rg\u00a0=\u00a00.22) and TS (rg\u00a0=\u00a00.22). With respect to HP-ADHD polygenic overlap, 34% of the causal variants were shared between these conditions, with only 74% of them showing concordant effect directions. We also identified nine chromosomal regions with evidence of ADHD-HP local genetic correlations with pleiotropic effects on other outcomes, such as smoking initiation, brain-imaging phenotypes, and bilirubin levels. With respect to HP-ASD, we observed an inverse local genetic correlation within\n                      <jats:italic>CD33<\/jats:italic>\n                      chromosomal region. Pleiotropy among HP, ASD, and ADHD was also identified in two variants (rs325485 and rs2207286) included within 95% credible sets related to neuropsychiatric conditions, altered hearing function, and other traits such as risk taking and insomnia. Drug-repurposing analyses identified anisomycin for HP-ASD shared biological mechanisms and five compounds related to HP-ADHD pleiotropy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103201_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings provide evidence that the comorbidity between neurodevelopmental disorders and HP is at least partially due to shared pathogenic processes acting through intrinsic and extrinsic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291726103201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T05:26:05Z","timestamp":1769577965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome-wide investigation highlights global and local pleiotropy linking neurodevelopmental disorders to acquired hearing problems"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Qishu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Cabrera-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine"},{"name":"University of Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Davtian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare 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