{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:57:20Z","timestamp":1785430640699,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005788","name":"Medizinische Universit\u00e4t Wien","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SO10300020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SO10300020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005788","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003494","name":"Herzfelder'sche Familienstiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103274_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression is a common comorbidity in neuropsychiatric disorders, affecting a significant proportion of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Traditional antidepressants show limited efficacy, particularly in cases involving comorbid depressive symptoms, highlighting the need for alternative treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103274_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here we provide the first data on possible benefits of add-on therapy with transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS). Based on the largest patient sample in the emerging field of focused ultrasound (FUS) neuromodulation to date, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 88 patients with various neuropsychiatric diagnoses to evaluate the impact of TPS on depressive symptoms, measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103274_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study revealed significant improvements in BDI-II scores posttreatment (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 88), with the most substantial effects observed in more severely impacted patients: individuals with minimal to severe depression (BDI-II \u22659;\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 32) experienced an average reduction of 5.22 points (29.46%), while those with mild to severe depression (BDI-II \u226514;\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 15) showed an even greater mean improvement of 10.40 points (40.51%). These results surpassed established thresholds for clinical relevance and substantially exceeded placebo effect sizes observed in relevant brain stimulation studies. Moreover, depression score improvement was independent of diagnostic group (dementia, movement disorders, or other), improvement of the primary diagnosis, antidepressant medication, and baseline cognitive status, highlighting the potential of TPS as an effective therapeutic add-on intervention for patients receiving state-of-the-art treatments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103274_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study\u2019s findings indicate that TPS enhances depression outcomes in neuropsychiatric patients, particularly in those with more severe depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291726103274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T10:53:45Z","timestamp":1770375225000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antidepressant effect of transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) targeting neuropsychiatric disorders: a retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6643-6445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Mitterwallner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical University of Vienna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7344-6933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja","family":"Radjenovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical University of Vienna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8804-941X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria","family":"Grigoryeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical University of Vienna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical University of Vienna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Gaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical University of Vienna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Osou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical University of Vienna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna A.","family":"Zettl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical University of Vienna"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical University of Vienna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Plischek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical University of Vienna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Lachmair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical University of Vienna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5177-8237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin","family":"Herzhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical University of Vienna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2343-2191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Matt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical University of Vienna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Beisteiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3x4p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical University of Vienna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291726103274_r56","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated development environment for R. Version 2023.06.1+524","year":"2022"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2019-111238"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161247"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-00009"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5941"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110261"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-015-0737-x"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r59","first-page":"1551","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of research design","author":"Stone","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2024.0016"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r47","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Version 4.2.2","year":"2022"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23981"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.09.029"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000167607.63000.38"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2021.12.012"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.016"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1943"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23270"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120666"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.08.043"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-024-02480-w"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npbr.2020.06.004"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-230026"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102563"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2024.07.013"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2007.12.005"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.03.014"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001270"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12101277"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10473"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968312445636"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202205634"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r35","article-title":"Transcranial pulse stimulation enhances dexterity in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A randomized sham-controlled clinical trial","author":"Matt","year":"2025","journal-title":"medrxiv"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-023-04194-4"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2025.04.018"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3162"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.59170"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2024.06.005"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291725000406"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101499"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r26","volume-title":"BDI-II-depression inventory","author":"Hautzinger","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r33","first-page":"e12245","article-title":"Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) improves depression in AD patients on state-of-the-art treatment","volume":"8","author":"Matt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.007"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2017.04.001"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2022.10.013"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2023.3313987"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113478282"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201902583"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12985"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r20","first-page":"994","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may influence semantic fluency and functional connectivity in fronto-parietal network in mild cognitive impairment (MCI)","volume":"10","author":"Esposito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03033-w"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1420255"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.05.004"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03843-0"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r6","volume-title":"Beck depression inventory","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.202556"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6128-4"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r58","first-page":"1451828","article-title":"Transcranial focused ultrasound targeting the default mode network for the treatment of depression","volume":"16","author":"Schachtner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.05.002"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032333"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820ce6bb"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105501"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r45","unstructured":"Pinheiro, J. , Bates, D. , DebRoy, S. , Sarkar, D. , R Core Team. (2022). Nlme: Linear and nonlinear mixed effects models. R package version 3.1-160. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=nlme."},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.069"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-12114-1"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2024.08.006"},{"key":"S0033291726103274_r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116849"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291726103274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T10:53:48Z","timestamp":1770375228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291726103274\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["S0033291726103274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291726103274","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e40"}}