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Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103560_sec01\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescent mental health has worsened, and prevention efforts have become increasingly important. The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinal symptom trajectories of depression and anxiety throughout adolescence, in a contemporary sample. The stress\u2013diathesis model was used to inform potential vulnerability factors and stressors associated with these trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103560_sec02\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety were assessed in a school-based population sample of\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a06102 adolescents (aged 13\u201314 at baseline). Growth mixture models across four time points were used to model longitudinal trajectories of symptoms. Multinomial regression was used to examine factors associated with each trajectory class.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103560_sec03\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the full sample, 49.5% were female, 45.9% were male, and 4.6% were gender diverse. Four discrete classes for both depression and anxiety trajectories were identified, which comprised consistently low symptoms (\u2018low\u2019; 72.5% depression; 66.9% anxiety), consistently high symptoms (\u2018high\u2019; 11.5% depression; 18.4% anxiety), elevated symptoms that reduced over time (\u2018decreasing\u2019; 8.3% depression; 6.9% anxiety), and low-moderate symptoms that increased over time (\u2018increasing\u2019; 7.7% depression; 7.8% anxiety). Factors associated with poorer trajectories were being female or gender diverse, lower socioeconomic status, higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of conscientiousness, greater adverse childhood experiences, higher levels of peer problems, bullying victimization, and negative family interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103560_sec04\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A range of background vulnerabilities and specific stressors were associated with poorer depression and anxiety trajectories over a 3-year period. Prevention approaches may require policy and practice changes that promote more supportive family, school, and societal environments from childhood to adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291726103560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T08:46:48Z","timestamp":1772527608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Stress-diathesis based predictors of depression and anxiety trajectories in adolescence: a population-based longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4547-6876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip J.","family":"Batterham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019wvm592","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Australian National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6912-8550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Maston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rfr1008","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of New South Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1731-210X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bridianne","family":"O\u2019Dea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01kpzv902","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Flinders University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9516-1381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyndsay","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rfr1008","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of New South Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison L.","family":"Calear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019wvm592","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Australian National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rfr1008","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of New South Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1970-9792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. 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