{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T21:30:13Z","timestamp":1793655013046,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":124,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103791_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is still considerably long in patients with psychotic disorders worldwide. Social determinants, such as the socioeconomic status, can influence DUP, exacerbating health inequalities in access to timely care. We investigated whether subpopulations with shared characteristics are associated with longer DUP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103791_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed latent class analyses to investigate whether classes with shared configurations of social and substance use-related risks can be identified in two large cohorts with psychotic disorders:\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0780 patients from the GROUP project and\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0847 patients from the EU-GEI project. Subsequently, we conducted survival analyses to analyze whether identified classes are associated with DUP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103791_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified three classes in both samples. Membership of the class with predominantly younger men, higher proportion of cannabis use, and supported living was associated with longer DUP compared with a class with predominantly White ethnicity, higher education, and current employment in GROUP (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.28, 95% CI: 1.06\u20131.56,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.011) and in EU-GEI (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.27, 95% CI: 1.07\u20131.51,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.007). In GROUP, membership of a third class with predominantly White women, without cannabis use, was associated with the shortest DUP (HR\u00a0=\u00a00.78, 95% CI: 0.63\u20130.95,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.016).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103791_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest that specific populations differ in their risk distributions for prolonged DUP and highlight the importance of considering configurations of social determinants in context. Public mental health programs need to establish their differential impact for diverse populations and facilitate more targeted pathways to care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291726103791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T09:01:39Z","timestamp":1777971699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clusters of social and substance use-related risks are associated with the duration of untreated psychosis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6864-0622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Edelhoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01hynnt93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7245-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jim","family":"van Os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0575yy874","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Utrecht University Medical Center"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02d9ce178","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0220mzb33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1135-5133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Therese","family":"van Amelsvoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jz4aj89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7637-3589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia J. 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