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General linear and logistic regression models examined baseline variables associated with end-of-treatment paranoia. In covariate analyses, regression coefficients quantified associations across treatments. In moderation analyses, interaction terms (randomization x moderator) were tested, with corresponding regression coefficients estimated and assessed at the 25th (low), 50th (medium), and 75th (high) percentiles of continuous variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103870_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across treatments, higher baseline avolition, safety behavior, delusion severity, and cognitive biases were associated with end-of-treatment paranoia. Moderation analyses revealed interactions for avolition, delusion severity, and negative other-beliefs. Although avolition and delusion severity were associated with poorer outcomes overall, individuals with high avolition and those with moderate-to-high delusion severity improved more in VR-CBTp than CBTp, whereas participants with lower delusion severity showed better outcomes in CBTp. No demographic (age, gender, education, and occupation) or other clinical characteristics (diagnosis, paranoia, social anxiety, depression, anhedonia, total negative symptoms, functioning, core beliefs, or interpersonal trauma) were significantly associated with outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726103870_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This exploratory study generates hypotheses for future research, including VR-CBTp\u2019s potential to engage individuals with high avolition. Given the modest effects and largely nonsignificant findings, both CBTp and VR-CBTp appear suitable for a wide range of individuals with paranoia, highlighting the importance of considering patient preferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291726103870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T09:37:07Z","timestamp":1777282627000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Treatment effect modifiers of virtual reality-based versus standard cognitive behavioral therapy for paranoia in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: an exploratory moderator analysis of clinical and demographic characteristics in the FaceYourFears trial"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2788-5642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mads 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