{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:19:31Z","timestamp":1791433171029,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":116,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726104061_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The term \u2018schizo-obsessive comorbidity (SOC)\u2019 is used to describe the presence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with schizophrenia (SOC). Recent studies have found overlapped executive dysfunctions in SCZ and OCD implicating shared pathophysiology. However, specific deficits in the components of executive function (EF) in patients with SOC remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726104061_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited 37 patients with SOC, 68 patients with SCZ, 70 patients with OCD, and 59 healthy controls (HCs). All participants completed a battery of measures for EF components, namely initiation, sustained attention, online updating, switching, disinhibition, and planning. Apart from traditional group-mean analysis, we applied machine learning approaches to identify the unique patterns of EF among different clinical groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726104061_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results showed that the three clinical groups could be distinguished from HCs. The feature importance analysis showed that, to classify clinical groups from HC, online updating was the core feature of SCZ patients, whereas disinhibition and online updating jointly determine classification between OCD patients and HC. In differentiating SOC from HC, online updating, planning, and disinhibition collectively served as key features. Machine learning algorithms classified SOC and OCD with acceptable performance but classified SOC and SCZ with lower performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726104061_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deficits of EF are shared features among patients with SOC, SCZ, and OCD. However, the specific components of executive dysfunction in these clinical groups appeared distinct.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291726104061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T09:37:10Z","timestamp":1777282630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characterizing executive dysfunctions in patients with schizo-obsessive comorbidity: comparing schizophrenia with obsessive-compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Min-yi","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bd2wa15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6146-9887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neng-jun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006teas31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai-biao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bd2wa15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6880-5831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034t30j35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03j7v5j15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng-hui","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bd2wa15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, School of Medicine"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Fudan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bd2wa15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2536-5749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin-yu","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bd2wa15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9360-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon S.Y.","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02zhqgq86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4319-5314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bd2wa15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3414-450X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond C.K.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034t30j35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03j7v5j15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02zhqgq86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291726104061_r43","first-page":"e93675","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Midou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.07.014"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-019-0606-6"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01132-0"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r60","first-page":"442","article-title":"Identifying schizo-obsessive comorbidity by tract-based spatial statistics and probabilistic tractography","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2018.08.016"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.009"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.05.029"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2206"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r44","first-page":"176","article-title":"Similarities in cognitive impairment between recent- onset and chronic schizophrenia patients: A consideration for the neurodevelopmental hypothesis","volume":"51","author":"Mondrag\u00f3n-Maya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Actas Espa\u00f1olas de Psiquiatr\u00eda: Acepsi"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r59","volume-title":"Manual of mental scale evaluation (expanded edition)","author":"Wang","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf220"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.05.029"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2018-0021"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15060725"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.12.013"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2024.112298"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.09.020"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-004-0492-3"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r33","volume-title":"Manual of wechsler adult intelligence scale-Chinese version","author":"Gong","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2009.6.4.286"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291723000843"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.08.011"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617702860052"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r46","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Consciousness and Self-Regulation","author":"Norman","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r47","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: Machine learning in Python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2021.1966097"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830140071013"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110054008"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23982128211007769"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(88)90050-5"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1051-y"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2022.101778"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(97)00096-1"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2022_381"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.10.018"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0720-3"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(76)80035-4"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbad134"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs123"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13825580601025957"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.07.030"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.11.011"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2025.09.011"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.14.4.485"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110283"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.01.055"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050110034325"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(97)00015-8"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0000000000000241"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717003269"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.0016"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.15.3.359"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610223000844"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r22","first-page":"4","article-title":"A study of psychometric properties, normative scores, and factor structure of the beck anxiety inventory\u2014The Chinese version","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(95)00104-2"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3000"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r61","volume-title":"Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS)","author":"Wilson","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720001634"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01174-3"},{"key":"S0033291726104061_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2023.132329"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291726104061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T09:37:12Z","timestamp":1777282632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291726104061\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["S0033291726104061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291726104061","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e116"}}