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A total of 69 eligible studies evaluated 22 types of interventions: three universal, five selective, five indicated, and nine multi-level. Most studies were rated as high-quality (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a061\/69) and conducted in high-income countries (HICs) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a063\/69), primarily assessing the cost-effectiveness of universal interventions like means restriction (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a06), selective and indicated interventions like psychotherapy (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a030), support services (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a015), and medication (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a05). Evidence consistently found that interventions for self-harm and suicide prevention were generally cost-effective or cost-saving. Strong evidence supported the cost-effectiveness of several universal (e.g. awareness training), selective (e.g. psychotherapy, support services), indicated (e.g. suicide risk screening, support services, psychotherapy for adults in HICs like Australia, US, Canada), and multi-level interventions. However, more economic evaluations are needed for interventions targeting older adults and children in all countries, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where evidence is lacking.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291726104814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T12:13:16Z","timestamp":1781698396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Economic evaluations of preventive interventions for self-harm and suicide: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9442-6824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Long Khanh-Dao","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4745-9738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dai 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