{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T07:02:01Z","timestamp":1789628521865,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":259,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726105571_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) represent an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). This study employed glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare glutamate-sensitive signals in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of MDD patients before and after SSRI treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726105571_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 35 unmedicated MDD patients and 39 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent baseline GluCEST imaging, using magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTR\n                      <jats:sub>asym<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) values to reflect regional glutamate levels. Twenty MDD patients completed follow-up GluCEST imaging after 8\u00a0weeks of SSRI treatment. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Depression Scale (HAMD).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726105571_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At baseline, the MTR\n                      <jats:sub>asym<\/jats:sub>\n                      values in the left hippocampus and bilateral prefrontal cortex were significantly lower in MDD patients compared to the HCs. Following SSRI treatment, the 20 MDD patients who completed follow-up showed significantly increased MTR\n                      <jats:sub>asym<\/jats:sub>\n                      values in the bilateral hippocampus and bilateral prefrontal cortex relative to baseline. Uncorrected correlation analyses showed that treatment-related differences in MTR\n                      <jats:sub>asym<\/jats:sub>\n                      values in the left hippocampus and left prefrontal cortex were associated with changes in HAMD-17 total score, sleep disturbance, and retardation scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726105571_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GluCEST imaging suggested abnormal glutamate-sensitive signals in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of patients with MDD. SSRI treatment was associated with increased GluCEST signals across all regions of interest. The observed associations between regional GluCEST signal changes and symptom changes further suggest a potential role of glutamatergic-related modulation in the therapeutic effects of SSRIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291726105571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:05:21Z","timestamp":1789625121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Altered glutamate concentration in major depressive disorder during antidepressant treatment: A glutamate CEST MRI study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Ximan","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013xs5b60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Capital Medical University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01413r497","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shandong First Medical University and 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press or the rights holder(s) must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e278"}}