{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T10:42:54Z","timestamp":1792406574604,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":291,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["115-2321-B-A49-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115-2321-B-A49-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["115-2321-B-A49-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115-2321-B-A49-010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["114-2321-B-A49-011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114-2321-B-A49-011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["114-2321-B-A49-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114-2321-B-A49-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["114-2634-F-A49-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114-2634-F-A49-006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["113-2321-B-A49-020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-2321-B-A49-020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726106114_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suicide remains a leading cause of death worldwide, underscoring the importance of identifying neurobiological markers associated with suicidal behaviors. While nonsuicidal self-directed violence (NSSDV) is an established risk factor for future suicide attempts (SAs), the underlying neural distinctions between these behaviors remain insufficiently understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726106114_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1,070 participants with a history of self-directed violence (SDV) were stratified into SA (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0579) and NSSDV (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0491) groups based on self-reported questionnaires. All data were collected from the UK Biobank between October 2016 and January 2024. Whole-brain connectome across 90 brain regions were analyzed. A general linear regression model was employed to identify significant functional connectivity (FC) correlations with SA. An exploratory analysis examined the correlation between FC and SDV frequency and recency.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726106114_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to NSSDV, the SA group exhibited decreased FC in the bilateral amygdala and right putamen, alongside increased FC in the right caudate. Higher frequency of SDV was correlated with increased FC between the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and occipital regions, whereas individuals reporting SDV within the past 12\u00a0months showed trends of decreased FC between the OFC and both the rectus gyrus and temporal lobe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0033291726106114_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This large-sample rs-fMRI study highlights distinct FC alterations associated with different dimensions of self-harm. Results implicated that the limbic and reward circuits appear particularly relevant in differentiating SA from NSSDV and in capturing variations tied to SDV frequency and recency. These insights advance our understanding of suicidal behaviors\u2019 neurobiological underpinnings and may inform targeted risk stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291726106114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:57:46Z","timestamp":1792403866000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neural correlates of self-directed violence: A large-sample resting-state fMRI study from UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1273-914X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia-Ying","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00se2k293","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University \u2013 Yangming Campus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5589-4513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I-Jou","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00se2k293","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University \u2013 Yangming Campus"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03gk81f96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0718-4087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Ding","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059ryjv25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Chung Shan Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2794-9649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert Chih-Chieh","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00se2k293","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University \u2013 Yangming Campus"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ymy8z76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00se2k293","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00se2k293","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291726106114_r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.09.021"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2000.10736099"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1544-6115.1585"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/psyrad\/kkab020"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721005419"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1747"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r16","volume-title":"StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls publishing copyright \u00a9 2025","author":"Driscoll","year":"2025"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0063-8"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.117"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.01.013"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0324189"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14684"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0245-2"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.110"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r50","first-page":"878","article-title":"Resting-state connectivity and its association with cognitive performance, educational attainment, and household income in the UK Biobank","volume":"3","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.116"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.07.020"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.129"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4135"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4393"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018697"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.12.005"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r10","unstructured":"Crosby, A. , Ortega, L. , & Melanson, C. ; National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (U.S.). Division of Violence Prevention. (2011). Self-directed violence surveillance: uniform definitions and recommended data elements personal. electronic resourc; remote; 1 online resource (91 p.): col. ill. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/11997."},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r9","volume-title":"Suicide rising across the US: More than a mental health concern","year":"2018"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r22","article-title":"Suicide mortality in the United States, 2002\u20132022","volume":"509","author":"Garnett","year":"2024","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15926-0"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2201"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.05.003"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23665"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.10.009"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013699998"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910350312"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r54","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Torrico","year":"2025"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-016-9299-4"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00500"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117002"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.04.029"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291723001356"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/jpn.0953"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012372560-8\/50001-2"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.06.002"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.16111288"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0240-7"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4179"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0915"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.08.007"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.12.018"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.10.034"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59490-6"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2015.8.2.114"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0587-x"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13487"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2019.100"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.6.6.639"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1382136"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0121-0"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.05.089"},{"key":"S0033291726106114_r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.01.060"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291726106114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:57:49Z","timestamp":1792403869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291726106114\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["S0033291726106114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291726106114","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e332"}}