{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T13:38:47Z","timestamp":1793453927608,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,11,1]],"date-time":"1998-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":909878400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold> We examine a \u2018lock and key\u2019 \n(\u2018L\u2013K\u2019) hypothesis to depression which posits that early\n \nadverse experiences establish locks that are activated by keys mirroring\n the earlier adverse \nexperience to induce depression.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold> Two-hundred and seventy clinically depressed patients\n were examined with open-ended \nand pre-coded interview questions to ascertain both early adverse experiences\n and precipitating life \nevents. Qualitative and quantitative data analyses examined for any associations\n between \ndevelopmental \u2018locks\u2019 and precipitating \u2018keys\u2019.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> Qualitative assessment suggested \u2018L\u2013K\u2019\n links in almost one-third of the sample, and \nexamples are provided. While quantitative analyses indicated significant\n associations between \nseveral identical \u2018lock\u2019 and \u2018key\u2019 constructs,\n evidence of specificity was rare. When individual \n\u2018locks\u2019 and \u2018keys\u2019 were consolidated into three\n higher-order constructs, variable models were \nsuggested, including a non-specific link, a specific link and absence of\n any link. \u2018L\u2013K\u2019 links \nappeared more likely in those with \u2018non-melancholic\u2019 (<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n \u2018melancholic\u2019) depression, with the \nseemingly greater relevance to \u2018reactive\u2019 (<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n \u2018neurotic\u2019) depression in the quantitative analyses \ninviting speculation that that \u2018disorder\u2019 may be more a reaction\n to a salient rather than a severe \nstressor.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold> This exploratory study suggests that early adverse\n experiences may variably establish \nspecific and non-specific patterns of vulnerability to having depression\n triggered by exposure to \nsalient mirroring life event stressors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291798007387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:33:33Z","timestamp":1027776813000},"page":"1263-1273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Qualitative and quantitative analyses of a \u2018lock and \nkey\u2019 hypothesis of depression"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"PARKER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"GLADSTONE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"ROUSSOS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"WILHELM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"MITCHELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"HADZI-PAVLOVIC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.-P.","family":"AUSTIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"HICKIE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,11,1]]},"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291798007387","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T19:57:55Z","timestamp":1557518275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291798007387\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291798007387"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291798007387","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]}}}