{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:38:51Z","timestamp":1772757531636,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold> The aim of the study was to identify sociodemographic\n and clinical risk factors for \ndeath from suicide and undetermined injury in residents of one health district.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method.<\/jats:bold> Data were collected on all cases of suicide (ICD-9\n E950\u2013959) and undetermined injury \n(ICD-9 E980\u2013989) for residents in North Staffordshire Health District\n between 1991 and 1995. \nControls, identified from the Coroner's inquest register, who died\n from other causes, were matched \nfor age and sex.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> Two hundred and twelve pairs of cases and matched\n controls were identified. Multivariate \nanalysis (conditional logistic regression) showed that the risk of death\n due to suicide and \nundetermined death was associated with: recent separation, relationship\n difficulties, experience of \nfinancial difficulties, history of past criminal charges or contact with\n the police, a past history of \ndeliberate self-harm, being on psychotropic medication at the time of death\n and a diagnosis of \nbipolar affective disorder. For sociodemographic variables, a univariate\n analysis found associations \nbetween the cases and being separated, living alone, having a past history\n of criminal charges and \nunemployment. Cases were more likely to have a psychiatric disorder, past\n history of deliberate self-harm \nand a past history of psychiatric contact for themselves or a family member.\n Controls were \nmore likely to have a current medical disorder. Cases were more likely\n than controls to be on any \nform of medication at the time of death and to have received a prescription\n for psychotropic or non-psychotropic \nmedication in the week and month before death. Cases were more likely than\n controls \nto have had contact with medical services in the week and month before\n death, with the general \npractitioner in the week before death and with psychiatric services at\n any time in the year before \ndeath. Strong associations were found between suicide and undetermined\n injury and life events such \nas recent separation and bereavement, and financial and relationship difficulties.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold> The study provides an analytical investigation\n utilizing a dead control group, data \ngathered from several sources and adequate numbers of cases. It confirms\n many of the risk factors \nidentified in other studies and highlights the high proportion of suicides\n who have been in recent \ncontact with the criminal justice system or have been prescribed medication\n shortly before death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291798007430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:33:33Z","timestamp":1027776813000},"page":"27-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["The North Staffordshire Suicide Study: a \ncase\u2013control study of suicide in one health district"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"A. P.","family":"BOARDMAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. H.","family":"GRIMBALDESTON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"HANDLEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. W.","family":"JONES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"WILLMOTT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]]},"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291798007430","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T20:22:59Z","timestamp":1554754979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291798007430\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291798007430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291798007430","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}}}