{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:38:14Z","timestamp":1791070694131,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]],"date-time":"1999-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":936144000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold> Mental disorders are major risk factors for suicide. Not all those who suffer from \nmental disorders kill themselves. Additional information is required to differentiate higher and \nlesser risk patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold> Retrospective case\u2013control comparison was made of cases of suicide\/undetermined \ndeath with living controls using psychological autopsy in South East Scotland. Cases and controls \nwere matched for age, sex and mental disorder. Informants were those closest to cases and controls. \nThe subjects were 45 cases of suicide\/undetermined death and 40 living controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> Cases and controls did not differ significantly in severity of mental disorder. The main \nfactors independently associated with undetermined death or suicide were: a history of deliberate \nself-harm (adjusted OR 4\u00b71); physical ill health (adjusted OR 7\u00b78); and engagement by mental health \nservices (adjusted OR 0\u00b701). Other antecedents associated with increased risk (criminal record, \npolice involvement, financial problems and failure to vote) and those associated with decreased risk \n(contact with a doctor and in-patient care) did not exert effects after controlling for confounding.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold> Controls were receiving more care of whatever kind. Treatment of mental disorder \nco-morbid with physical illness and a history of deliberate self-harm may be especially important. \nFactors that separate those with mental disorder at high risk from those at lesser risk relate to care \nlevels provided, which may be a function of engagement by and with health services. The role of \nmental health professionals is beneficial in suicide prevention. The focusing of that role towards \nengaging alienated or \u2018difficult\u2019 patients should be addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291799001038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:33:33Z","timestamp":1027762413000},"page":"1141-1149","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Suicide and undetermined death in south east \nScotland. A case\u2013control study using the \npsychological autopsy method"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"J. T. O.","family":"CAVANAGH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. G. C.","family":"OWENS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. C.","family":"JOHNSTONE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]]},"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291799001038","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T17:27:33Z","timestamp":1554485253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291799001038\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291799001038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291799001038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]}}}