{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:45:24Z","timestamp":1793742324195,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,17]],"date-time":"2000-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":971740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":46,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold>\n                    To test the hypothesis that certain psychotic symptomatology is due to a defect in self- monitoring, we investigated the ability of groups of psychiatric patients to differentiate perceptually between self-produced and externally produced tactile stimuli.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Responses to tactile stimulation were assessed in three groups of subjects: schizophrenic patients; patients with bipolar affective disorder or depression; and normal control subjects. Within the psychiatric groups subjects were divided on the basis of the presence or absence of auditory hallucinations and\/or passivity experiences. The subjects were asked to rate the perception of a tactile sensation on the palm of their left hand. The tactile stimulation was either self-produced by movement of the subject's right hand or externally produced by the experimenter.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Normal control subjects and those psychiatric patients with neither auditory hallucinations nor passivity phenomena experienced self-produced stimuli as less intense, tickly and pleasant than identical, externally produced tactile stimuli. In contrast, psychiatric patients with these symptoms did not show a decrease in their perceptual ratings for tactile stimuli produced by themselves as compared with those produced by the experimenter. This failure to show a difference in perception between self-produced and externally produced stimuli appears to relate to the presence of auditory hallucinations and\/or passivity experiences rather than to the diagnosis of schizophrenia.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold>\n                    We propose that auditory hallucinations and passivity experiences are associated with an abnormality in the self-monitoring mechanism that normally allows us to distinguish self-produced from externally produced sensations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291799002676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:33:33Z","timestamp":1027762413000},"page":"1131-1139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":418,"title":["The perception of self-produced sensory stimuli in patients with auditory hallucinations and passivity experiences: evidence for a breakdown in self-monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"S.-J.","family":"BLAKEMORE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"SMITH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"STEEL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. C.","family":"JOHNSTONE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. D.","family":"FRITH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,17]]},"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291799002676","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T15:41:39Z","timestamp":1554306099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291799002676\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291799002676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291799002676","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}}}