{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:45:44Z","timestamp":1791308744587,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,17]],"date-time":"2000-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":971740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":46,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold>\n                    An association between social rhythm disruption (SRD) and \nonset of manic episodes has recently been observed. Whether other types of bipolar \n(depressive and cycling) or unipolar depressive episodes are similarly related to \nSRD is unclear, as is the association between severely threatening life events and \nonset of bipolar manic, depressed and cycling episodes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Bipolar patients with purely manic (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 21), purely \ndepressed (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 21) and cycling (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 24) episodes, and 44 patients \nwith recurrent unipolar depression, were interviewed with the Bedford College Life \nEvents and Difficulties Schedule. The presence of severe and SRD events during the \nyear prior to index episode onset was then determined.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    More manic than cycling and unipolar subjects experienced SRD \nevents during 8- and 20-week pre-onset periods, and severe events during 20-week \npre-onset periods. Controlling for age and prior number of episodes left most findings \nunchanged. An earlier finding of more manic subjects with SRD events in an 8-week \npre-onset\n                    <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                    control period was also replicated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold>\n                    It appears that manic onsets are influenced by stressful \nlife events, especially those involving SRD, in a unique manner compared to onsets of \nother types of bipolar and unipolar episodes. Onset of bipolar cycling episodes, \nin contrast, seems to be relatively unaffected by SRD or severe life events. \nThese findings refine the hypothesis that SRD may precipitate onset of affective \nepisodes to be specific to manic onsets.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291799002706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:33:33Z","timestamp":1027762413000},"page":"1005-1016","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":197,"title":["Social rhythm disruption and stressful life events in \nthe onset of bipolar and unipolar episodes"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"MALKOFF-SCHWARTZ","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"FRANK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. P.","family":"ANDERSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. A.","family":"HLASTALA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. F.","family":"LUTHER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. T.","family":"SHERRILL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. R.","family":"HOUCK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"KUPFER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,17]]},"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291799002706","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T15:41:41Z","timestamp":1554306101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291799002706\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291799002706"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291799002706","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}}}