{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:16:40Z","timestamp":1791202600460,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]],"date-time":"1999-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":925516800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold> This article presents prospective longitudinal findings on prevalence, incidence, \npatterns of change and stability of depressive disorders in a community sample of 1228 adolescents.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold> Data were collected at baseline and follow-up (20 months later) in a representative \npopulation sample of 1228 adolescents, aged 14\u201317 at baseline. Diagnostic assessment was based on \nthe Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> The overall cumulative lifetime incidence of any depressive condition was 20\u00b70% (major \ndepressive disorder (MDD), 12\u00b72%; dysthymia, 3\u00b75%; subthreshold MDD, 6\u00b73%), of which about \none-third were incident depressions in the period between baseline and follow-up. Depressive \ndisorders rarely started before the age of 13. Females were about twice as likely as males to develop \na depressive disorder. Overall, the 20-month outcome of baseline depression was unfavourable. \nDysthymia had the poorest outcome of all, with a complete remission rate of only 33% <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 43% \nfor MDD and 54% for subthreshold MDD. Dysthymia also had the highest number of depressive \nepisodes, and most psychosocial impairment and suicidal behavioural during follow-up. Treatment \nrates were low (8\u201323%). Subthreshold MDD associated with considerable impairment had an \nalmost identical course and outcome as threshold MDD.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold> DSM-IV MDD and dysthymia are rare before the age of 13, but frequent during \nadolescence, with an estimated lifetime cumulative incidence of 14%. Only a minority of these \ndisorders in adolescence is treated, and more than half of them persist or remit only partly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291799008454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:33:33Z","timestamp":1027776813000},"page":"655-668","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Prevalence, 20-month incidence and outcome of \nunipolar depressive disorders in a community sample \nof adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"A. J.","family":"OLDEHINKEL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.-U.","family":"WITTCHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"SCHUSTER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]]},"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291799008454","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T15:28:47Z","timestamp":1554996527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291799008454\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291799008454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291799008454","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]}}}